To say that history's greatest economic experiment--Soviet communism--was also its greatest economic failure is to say what many consider obvious. Here, in a startling reinterpretation, Robert Allen argues that the USSR was one of the most successful developing economies of the twentieth century. He reaches this provocative conclusion by recalculating national consumption and using economic, demographic, and computer simulation models to address the "what if" questions central to Soviet history. Moreover, by comparing Soviet performance not only with advanced but with less developed countries, he provides a meaningful context for its evaluation. Although the Russian economy began to develop in the late nineteenth century based on wheat exports, modern economic growth proved elusive. But growth was rapid from 1928 to the 1970s--due to successful Five Year Plans. Notwithstanding the horrors of Stalinism, the building of heavy industry accelerated growth during the 1930s and raised living standards, especially for the many peasants who moved to cities. A sudden drop in fertility due to the education of women and their employment outside the home also facilitated growth. While highlighting the previously underemphasized achievements of Soviet planning, Farm to Factory also shows, through methodical analysis set in fluid prose, that Stalin's worst excesses--such as the bloody collectivization of agriculture--did little to spur growth. Economic development stagnated after 1970, as vital resources were diverted to the military and as a Soviet leadership lacking in original thought pursued wasteful investments.

During the early part of the 20th century farming in America was transformed from a pre-industrial to an industrial activity. This book explores the modernization of the 1920s, which saw farmers adopt not just new technology, but also the financial cultural & ideological apparatus of industrialism.

Farm and Factory illuminates the importance of the Midwest in U.S. labor history. America's heartland - often overlooked in studies focusing on other regions, or particular cities or industries - has a distinctive labor history characterized by the sustained, simultaneous growth of both agriculture and industry. Since the transfer of labor from farm to factory did not occur in the Midwest until after World War II, industrialists recruited workers elsewhere, especially from Europe and the American South. The region's relatively underdeveloped service sector - shaped by the presumption that goods were more desirable than service - ultimately led to agonizing problems of adjustment as agriculture and industry evolved in the late twentieth century.

Provides a comprehensive theological framework in which good eating contributes to the healing of communities and the world.

Seeking new voices and design talent, the new Bracket book series is structured around an open call for entries. Conceived as an almanac, the series looks at emerging thematics in our global age that are shaping the built environment in radically significant, yet often unexpected ways. Bracket 1: On Farming looks at the capacity for architecture to address ideas and issues of productive landscapes and urbanisms. Entries were selected by an international jury including Nathalie de Vries, Charles Waldheim and Michael Speaks. Once merely understood in terms of agriculture, today information, energy, labour, and landscape, among others, can be farmed. Farming harnesses the efficiency of collectivity and community. Whether cultivating land, harvesting resources, extracting energy or delegating labor, farming reveals the interdependencies of our globalized world. Simultaneously, farming represents the local gesture, the productive landscape, and the alternative economy. The processes of farming are mutable, parametric, and efficient. Farming is the modification of infrastructure, urbanisms, architectures, and landscapes toward a privileging of production.

pt. 1: Considers. S. 1085, to establish minimum wages for migrant workers. S. 1778 and S. 2498, to register and regulate migrant labor contractors engaged in interstate commerce. S. 2141, to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to repeal child labor law exemptions for agricultural labor. Sept. 28 hearing was held in Lansing, Mich.; Sept. 30 hearing was held in Madison, Wis.; Oct. 1 hearing was held in St. Paul, Minn.; Nov. 30 hearing was held in Trenton, N.J.; Dec. 7 hearing was held in NYC; and Dec. 8 hearing was held in Philadelphia, Pa.; pt. 2: May 16 hearing was held in Homestead, Fla.; May 18 hearing was held in Clewiston, Fla.; July 8 hearing was held in Fresno, Calif.; and July 11 hearing was held in Sacramento, Calif.