The capabilities of the combustion laboratory at Northeastern University have increased tremendously over the past year. The construction of the new experimental apparatus has allowed for much greater productivity. The addition of thick windows for the cylindrical vessel has allowed the lab to undertake testing at higher pressures and temperatures. Follow up the previous reports; we have used our modified burning model to measure laminar burning speed of JP-8, 21% O2 and 79% He at wide range of temperature, pressure and equivalence ratio.

Experimental and numerical studies are carried out to develop a surrogate that can reproduce selected aspects of combustion of JP-8. Surrogate fuels are defined as mixtures of few hydrocarbon compounds with combustion characteristics similar to those of commercial fuels. A mixture of n-decane and trimethylbenzene, called the Aachen surrogate, and a mixture of n-dodecane, methylcyclohexane, and o-xylene called Surrogate C are selected for consideration as possible surrogates of JP-8. Experiments under nonpremixed conditions are carried out employing the counterflow configuration. The fuels tested are JP-8 and the Aachen surrogate. Critical conditions of extinction, autoignition, and volume fraction of soot measured in laminar nonpremixed flows burning the Aachen surrogate are found to be similar to those in flames burning JP-8. Numerical calculations are performed using the chemical kinetic mechanism for the Aachen surrogate. The calculated values of the critical conditions of autoignition and soot volume fraction agree well with experimental data. Experimental studies are carried out to characterize premixed combustion of jet fuels and its surrogates in laminar nonuniform flows. The counterflow configuration is employed. Studies are performed with a premixed reactant stream made up of prevaporized fuel, oxygen and nitrogen from one duct, and an inert stream of nitrogen from the other duct. Critical conditions of extinction are measured for JP-8, Aachen surrogate and Surrogate C. The measured critical conditions of extinction of these surrogates agree well with those for JP-8. This study confirms that the Aachen Surrogate and Surrogate C are possible surrogates of JP-8.

Fundamentals of Combustion Processes is designed as a textbook for an upper-division undergraduate and graduate level combustion course in mechanical engineering. The authors focus on the fundamental theory of combustion and provide a simplified discussion of basic combustion parameters and processes such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, ignition, diffusion and pre-mixed flames. The text includes exploration of applications, example exercises, suggested homework problems and videos of laboratory demonstrations

Concern about the reduced availability and the increased cost of petroleum fuels prompted great efforts in recent years to reduce the fuel consumption of auto mobiles. The ongoing efforts to reduce fuel consumption have addressed many relevant factors, including increased engine performance, reduced friction, use of lightweight materials, and reduced aerodynamic drag. The results of the investigations assessing the various factors affecting fuel economy have been published in journals, conference proceedings, and in company and government reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers to keep abreast of aU developments. The material presented in this book brings together in a single volume much of the relevant materials, summarizes many of the state-of-the-art theories and data, and provides extensive lists of references. Thus, it is hoped that this book will be a useful reference for specialists and practicing engineers interested in the fuel economy of automobiles. J. C. HILLIARD o. S. SPRINGER vii CONTENTS 1. AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY David Cole I. Introduction and Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . n. Fuel Economy Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A. Engine................................................... 11 B. Drive Train. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Vehicle Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Operating Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Test Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. FUEL ECONOMY AND EMISSIONS J. T. Kummer I. Introduction .................................................. . 35 n. Emission Regulations .......................................... .

Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.

Reflecting the developments in gas turbine combustion technology that have occurred in the last decade, Gas Turbine Combustion: Alternative Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition provides an up-to-date design manual and research reference on the design, manufacture, and operation of gas turbine combustors in applications ranging from aeronautical to po

This book provides a rigorous treatment of the coupling of chemical reactions and fluid flow. Combustion-specific topics of chemistry and fluid mechanics are considered and tools described for the simulation of combustion processes. This edition is completely restructured. Mathematical Formulae and derivations as well as the space-consuming reaction mechanisms have been replaced from the text to appendix. A new chapter discusses the impact of combustion processes on the atmosphere, the chapter on auto-ignition is extended to combustion in Otto- and Diesel-engines, and the chapters on heterogeneous combustion and on soot formation are heavily revised.