Experiments and numerical predictions were conducted to study heat (mass) transfer characteristics in a two-pass trapezoidal channel simulating the cooling passage of a gas turbine blade. Three different rib configurations were tested for the air entering the smaller cross section of the trapezoidal channel as well as the larger cross section of the trapezoidal channel at four different Reynolds numbers of 9,400, 16,800, 31,800, and 57,200. (+) 60[degree] ribs, ( -- ) 60[degree] ribs and 60[degree] V-shaped ribs were attached on both the top and bottom walls in parallel sequence. A naphthalene sublimation technique was used, and the heat and mass transfer analogy was applied to convert the mass transfer coefficients to heat transfer coefficients. Numerical predictions of three-dimensional flow and heat transfer also were performed for the trapezoidal channel with and without 90[degree] ribs tested by Lee et al. (2007). Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM) in the FLUENT CFD code was used to calculate the heat transfer coefficients and flow fields at Re = 31,800. The results showed that the combined effects of the rib angle, rib orientation, and the sharp 180[degree] turn significantly affected the heat (mass) transfer distributions. The secondary flows induced by the sharp 180[degree] turn and the angled or V-shaped ribs played a very prominent role in heat (mass) transfer enhancements. The heat (mass) transfer enhancements and the pressure drops across the turn for 60[degree] V-shaped ribs had the highest values, then came the case of (+) 60[degree] ribs, and the heat (mass) transfer enhancements and the friction factor ratios for ( -- ) 60[degree] ribs was the lowest. However, comparing ( -- ) 60[degree] ribs with the 90[degree] ribs, ( -- ) 60[degree] ribs produced higher heat (mass) transfer enhancements than the 90[degree] ribs, as results of the secondary flow induced by the ( -- ) 60[degree] ribs. The overall average heat (mass) transfer for the larger inlet cases was always higher than that for the smaller inlet cases in the ribbed trapezoidal channel. Considering the thermal performance comparisons of the (+) 60[degree] ribs, the ( -- ) 60[degree] ribs, and 60[degree] V-shaped ribs for the smaller inlet cases, the highest thermal performance was produced by the ( -- ) 60[degree] ribs, and the 60[degree] V-shaped ribs and the (+) 60[degree] ribs had almost the same levels of the thermal performance since the 60[degree] V-shaped ribs produced the highest heat (mass) transfer enhancement but also produced highest pressure drops. For the larger inlet cases, the (+) 60[degree] ribs produced the highest values, then came the case of the 60[degree] V-shaped ribs, and the thermal performance for the ( -- ) 60[degree] ribs was the lowest. The Reynolds stress model (RSM) showed well flow fields and heat transfer distributions but underpredicted average Nusselt number ratios.

Turbulence is one of the key issues in tackling engineering flow problems. As powerful computers and accurate numerical methods are now available for solving the flow equations, and since engineering applications nearly always involve turbulence effects, the reliability of CFD analysis depends increasingly on the performance of the turbulence models. This series of symposia provides a forum for presenting and discussing new developments in the area of turbulence modelling and measurements, with particular emphasis on engineering-related problems. The papers in this set of proceedings were presented at the 5th International Symposium on Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements in September 2002. They look at a variety of areas, including: Turbulence modelling; Direct and large-eddy simulations; Applications of turbulence models; Experimental studies; Transition; Turbulence control; Aerodynamic flow; Aero-acoustics; Turbomachinery flows; Heat transfer; Combustion systems; Two-phase flows. These papers are preceded by a section containing 6 invited papers covering various aspects of turbulence modelling and simulation as well as their practical application, combustion modelling and particle-image velocimetry.

This book presents a snapshot of the state-of-art in the field of turbulence modeling, with an emphasis on numerical methods. Topics include direct numerical simulations, large eddy simulations, compressible turbulence, coherent structures, two-phase flow simulation and many more. It includes both theoretical contributions and experimental works, as well as chapters derived from keynote lectures, presented at the fifth Turbulence and Interactions Conference (TI 2018), which was held on June 25-29 in Martinique, France. This multifaceted collection, which reflects the conference ́s emphasis on the interplay of theory, experiments and computing in the process of understanding and predicting the physics of complex flows and solving related engineering problems, offers a timely guide for students, researchers and professionals in the field of applied computational fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling and related areas.