L'ECOULEMENT DIPHASIQUE INTERMITTENT EST COMPOSE DE POCHES DE GAZ, SEPAREES PAR DES BOUCHONS QUI TRANSPORTENT LA PLUS GRANDE PART DU LIQUIDE. ALORS QUE LES GRANDEURS GLOBALES TELLES QUE LA PERTE DE CHARGE OU LE TAUX DE LIQUIDE PEUVENT ETRE PREDITES ET CALCULEES DE MANIERE SATISFAISANTE, LA STRUCTURE DETAILLEE DE L'ECOULEMENT RESTE QUANT A ELLE INSUFFISAMMENT DECRITE, ET SES MECANISMES D'EVOLUTION INSUFFISAMMENT COMPRIS. LA PREMIERE PARTIE DE CETTE ETUDE A CONSISTE A AFFINER LA DESCRIPTION DE LA STRUCTURE DE L'ECOULEMENT. LES EXPERIENCES REALISEES SUR UNE BOUCLE HORIZONTALE DE GRANDE LONGUEUR ONT ETE ORIENTEES VERS LA MESURE DES LONGUEURS DE POCHES ET DE BOUCHONS. LA SENSIBILITE AUX CONDITIONS DE FORMATION A ETE ABORDEE EN MODIFIANT LE SYSTEME D'INJECTION DES FLUIDES. LA SENSIBILITE AUX CONDITIONS DE DEBITS SE MANIFESTE PAR L'APPARITION D'UNE TRANSITION. EN DECA D'UN NOMBRE DE FROUDE CRITIQUE DE L'ORDRE DE TROIS, LA LONGUEUR MOYENNE DES BOUCHONS DECROIT AVEC LE NOMBRE DE FROUDE. AU DELA, ELLE RESTE CONSTANTE ET EST EGALE A UNE VINGTAINE DE DIAMETRES. ON A OBSERVE LA COINCIDENCE ENTRE CETTE TRANSITION ET CELLE QUI AFFECTE LA FORME DU CULOT DE POCHE. L'EVOLUTION LONGITUDINALE DE LA STRUCTURE DE L'ECOULEMENT OBEIT A LA MEME TRANSITION. POUR LES PLUS GRANDS NOMBRES DE FROUDE, LA LONGUEUR MOYENNE DES BOUCHONS EVOLUE PEU, TANDIS QUE LA DISPERSION DES LONGUEURS DIMINUE SIGNIFICATIVEMENT AVEC LA POSITION. LE CALIBRAGE DISPARAIT DANS UN ECOULEMENT A PETIT NOMBRE DE FROUDE. DANS UNE SECONDE PARTIE, ON PRESENTE LES EQUATIONS D'UN MODELE DE SUIVI DE BOUCHONS. LES EQUATIONS DE CONSERVATION SONT INTEGREES SUR CHAQUE POCHE ET CHAQUE BOUCHON. ELLES CONDUISENT A UN MODELE LAGRANGIEN OU LES INCONNUES PRINCIPALES SONT LES LONGUEURS. IL S'AGIT ALORS DE CALCULER LES TRAJECTOIRES DE CHAQUE OBJET. SI LES EFFETS DE RATTRAPAGE ENTRE POCHES NE SONT PAS CONSIDERES, LA SOLUTION DU SYSTEME D'EQUATIONS EST ANALYTIQUE. ON PEUT ALORS ECRIRE UNE EQUATION DE CONSERVATION POUR LA DENSITE DE PROBABILITE DES LONGUEURS. ELLE MONTRE QUE LA DETENTE DU GAZ INDUIT UNE DIMINUTION DE LA LONGUEUR MOYENNE ET DE LA DISPERSION DES LONGUEURS DE BOUCHONS. LA COALESCENCE SE PRODUIT LORSQUE LES POCHES NE SE DEPLACENT PAS A LA MEME VITESSE. LA DIMINUTION DU NOMBRE DE BOUCHONS PROVOQUE UNE AUGMENTATION DE LA MOYENNE ET DE L'ECART TYPE DES LONGUEURS.

This dual-language dictionary lists over 20,000 specialist terms in both French and English, covering architecture, building, engineering and property terms. It meets the needs of all building professionals working on projects overseas. It has been comprehensively researched and compiled to provide an invaluable reference source in an increasingly European marketplace.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This book has been written for graduate students, scientists and engineers who need in-depth theoretical foundations to solve two-phase problems in various technological systems. Based on extensive research experiences focused on the fundamental physics of two-phase flow, the authors present the detailed theoretical foundation of multi-phase flow thermo-fluid dynamics as they apply to a variety of scenarios, including nuclear reactor transient and accident analysis, energy systems, power generation systems and even space propulsion.

I am pleased to present a work which marks a milestone in the history of public works and, more precisely, in that of permanent structures—a comprehensive dictionary of Civil Engineering terms. Since the beginning of time, Man has always tried to find a means to clear the obstacles which nature erected to displace him. With the first tree trunk thrown across a river, man sought to improve the crossing structure. After the invention of the wheel, and to satisfy his thirst for conquest (Roman ways), and comfort (aqueducts), man built bridges that became a preremptory necessity to move quickly. Thus, Man started to build wooden and masonry works. With the passing centuries, the builders became masters in the art of building masonry works. Then came the Industrial Revolution and the advent of the steel (1864), which was closely followed by the invention of the reinforced concrete (1855). The need for railways and improving the road network inspired great works of crossing such as viaducts and tunnels. The boom of the railway network and the development of the car required the construction of an increasing number of new structures. This phenomenon continues today with hundreds of structures built each year throughout the world.