Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity

Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity
Title Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity PDF eBook
Author T. J. Pandian
Publisher CRC Press
Pages 349
Release 2023-10-13
Genre Science
ISBN 1000996662

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Being sessiles like autotrophic plants and heterotrophics as animals, fungi are fascinating eukaryotes. In them, the need for external digestion has demanded surface expansion and limited tissues to 2/y. The mycorrhizas facilitate 85% angiosperms to acquire water and minerals, enhance productivity and fight against drought and pollutants. During the geological past, lichens have weathered rock and formed the present landscape. Only 121 fungal species excrete digestive enzymes to meet industrial demand. The beneficial fungi contribute 1,000 billion US$. Parasitic fungi cause 1.6 million human deaths and > 20% loss of commercial crops. Despite their ecological and economic importance, no university offers a degree course in Mycology. For 2,056,907 eukaryotic species, this book elaborates the role played by environmental factors (i) spatial distribution, (ii) light-temperature, (iii) precipitation-liquid water and biological attributes, (iv) cellularity, (v) symmetry, (vi) clonality, (vii) sexuality, (viii) modality and (ix) motility that either accelerate or decelerate biodiversity. About 20 and 80% eukaryotes are aquatics and terrestrials. Decreasing light intensity and temperature reduce diversity from the equator toward the polar zones. Water availability also reduces the diversity from 5.4 - 65.5 species/km2 in tropical evergreen forests to 2 in deserts and polar zones. Unicellularity and radial symmetry decelerate the diversity to 200 in mammals reduce clonality from 100 to 0%. Strategies developed by eukaryotes reduce selfing by

Concepts of Biology

Concepts of Biology
Title Concepts of Biology PDF eBook
Author Samantha Fowler
Publisher
Pages 0
Release 2023-05-12
Genre
ISBN 9781739015503

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Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy.

The Fungal Kingdom

The Fungal Kingdom
Title The Fungal Kingdom PDF eBook
Author Joseph Heitman
Publisher John Wiley & Sons
Pages 1161
Release 2020-07-10
Genre Medical
ISBN 1555819583

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Fungi research and knowledge grew rapidly following recent advances in genetics and genomics. This book synthesizes new knowledge with existing information to stimulate new scientific questions and propel fungal scientists on to the next stages of research. This book is a comprehensive guide on fungi, environmental sensing, genetics, genomics, interactions with microbes, plants, insects, and humans, technological applications, and natural product development.

Fungal Populations and Species

Fungal Populations and Species
Title Fungal Populations and Species PDF eBook
Author John Harrison Burnett
Publisher
Pages 0
Release 2003
Genre Fungi
ISBN 9781383022766

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The population genetics and speciation of fungi is a rapidly developing field, heavily dependent upon the use of molecular markers. This text describes the methodologies employed in this area and, for the benefit of the non-mycological reader, a brief introduction to basic fungal biology.

Handbook of Alien Species in Europe

Handbook of Alien Species in Europe
Title Handbook of Alien Species in Europe PDF eBook
Author Delivering Alien Invasive Species
Publisher Springer Science & Business Media
Pages 421
Release 2008-11-14
Genre Science
ISBN 1402082800

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Biological invasions by alien (non-native) species are widely recognized as a significant component of human-caused global environmental change and the second most important cause of biodiversity decline. Alien species threaten many European ecosystems and have serious environmental, economic and health impacts. The DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe) project has now brought together all available information on alien species in Europe (terrestrial, aquatic and marine) and from all taxa (fungi, plants, animals). Thus for the first time, an overview and assessment of biological invasions in the Pan-European region is finally possible. The Handbook of Alien Species in Europe summarises the major findings of this groundbreaking research and addresses the invasion trends, pathways, and both economic as well as ecological impact for eight major taxonomic groups. Approximately 11.000 alien species recorded in Europe are listed, and fact sheets for 100 of the most invasive alien species are included, each with a distribution map and colour illustration. The book is complemented by a regularly updated internet database providing free additional information. With its highly interdisciplinary approach, DAISIE and its Handbook will be the basis for future scientific investigations as well as management and control of alien invasive species in Europe.

Polyploidy and Genome Evolution

Polyploidy and Genome Evolution
Title Polyploidy and Genome Evolution PDF eBook
Author Pamela Soltis
Publisher Springer Science & Business Media
Pages 416
Release 2012-10-03
Genre Science
ISBN 3642314414

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Polyploidy – whole-genome duplication (WGD) – is a fundamental driver of biodiversity with significant consequences for genome structure, organization, and evolution. Once considered a speciation process common only in plants, polyploidy is now recognized to have played a major role in the structure, gene content, and evolution of most eukaryotic genomes. In fact, the diversity of eukaryotes seems closely tied to multiple WGDs. Polyploidy generates new genomic interactions – initially resulting in “genomic and transcriptomic shock” – that must be resolved in a new polyploid lineage. This process essentially acts as a “reset” button, resulting in genomic changes that may ultimately promote adaptive speciation. This book brings together for the first time the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of polyploid genome evolution with syntheses of the patterns and processes of genome evolution in diverse polyploid groups. Because polyploidy is most common and best studied in plants, the book emphasizes plant models, but recent studies of vertebrates and fungi are providing fresh perspectives on factors that allow polyploid speciation and shape polyploid genomes. The emerging paradigm is that polyploidy – through alterations in genome structure and gene regulation – generates genetic and phenotypic novelty that manifests itself at the chromosomal, physiological, and organismal levels, with long-term ecological and evolutionary consequences.

Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance

Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance
Title Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance PDF eBook
Author Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro
Publisher Springer
Pages 625
Release 2019-07-22
Genre Science
ISBN 3030190307

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Over the last decades, scientists have been intrigued by the fascinating organisms that inhabit extreme environments. These organisms, known as extremophiles, thrive in habitats which for other terrestrial life-forms are intolerably hostile or even lethal. Based on such technological advances, the study of extremophiles has provided, over the last few years, ground-breaking discoveries that challenge the paradigms of modern biology. In the new bioeconomy, fungi in general, play a very important role in addressing major global challenges, being instrumental for improved resource efficiency, making renewable substitutes for products from fossil resources, upgrading waste streams to valuable food and feed ingredients, counteracting life-style diseases and antibiotic resistance through strengthening the gut biota, making crop plants more robust to survive climate change conditions, and functioning as host organisms for production of new biological drugs. This range of new uses of fungi all stand on the shoulders of the efforts of mycologists over generations. The book is organized in five parts: (I) Biodiversity, Ecology, Genetics and Physiology of Extremophilic Fungi, (II) Biosynthesis of Novel Biomolecules and Extremozymes (III) Bioenergy and Biofuel synthesis, and (IV) Wastewater and biosolids treatment, and (V) Bioremediation.