We report evidence for the B meson decays, B{sup ±} 2!J/[psi][eta]K{sup ±} and B° 2!J/[psi][eta]K{sub S}°, using 90 million B{bar B} events collected at the [Upsilon](4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II ee− asymmetric-energy storage ring. We obtain preliminary branching fractions in the charged and neutral channels of (10.8 ± 2.3(stat.) ± 2.4(syst.)) x 10−5 and (8.4 {+-} 2.6(stat.) {+-} 2.7(syst.)) x 10−5, respectively.

We present evidence for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B[yields] K*[ell][sup+][ell][sup -] and a measurement of the branching fraction for the related process B[yields] K[ell][sup+][ell][sup -], where[ell][sup+][ell][sup -] is either an e[sup+]e[sup -] or[mu][sup+][mu][sup -] pair. These decays are highly suppressed in the Standard Model, and they are sensitive to contributions from new particles in the intermediate state. The data sample comprises 123 x 10[sup 6][Upsilon](4S)[yields] B[bar B] decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e[sup+]e[sup -] storage ring. Averaging over K* isospin and lepton flavor, we obtain the branching fractions[Beta](B[yields] K[ell][sup+][ell][sup -])= (0.65[sub -0.13][sup+0.14][+-] 0.04) x 10[sup -6][Beta](B[yields] K*[ell][sup+][ell][sup -])= (0.88[sub -0.29][sup+0.33][+-] 0.10) x 10[sup -6], where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The significance of the B[yields] K[ell][sup+][ell][sup -] signal is over 8[sigma], while for B[yields] K*[ell][sup+][ell][sup -] it is 3.3[sigma].

Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.

Reviews the current state of knowledge of neutrino masses and the related question of neutrino oscillations. After an overview of the theory of neutrino masses and mixings, detailed accounts are given of the laboratory limits on neutrino masses, astrophysical and cosmological constraints on those masses, experimental results on neutrino oscillations, the theoretical interpretation of those results, and theoretical models of neutrino masses and mixings. The book concludes with an examination of the potential of long-baseline experiments. This is an essential reference text for workers in elementary-particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics.