The procedures : inadequate measurement units - Consistency and bias - Interpreting measurements - EMP studies : components of measurement error - The relative usefulness of a measurement - EMP case histories : the data for gauge 130 - Two methods for measuring viscosity - The truck spoke data - The data for polymer 62S - The compression test data.

Techniques for assessing and characterizing physical measurement systems are organized, described, and illustrated using real data. Clear answers are given to the question of how and when imperfect data can be used in practice. This book will enable you to use imperfect data to characterize and improve your operations and processes.64 Examples, 40 Data Tables, 8 Appendicies, 25 Reference Tables, 3 Worksheets

It is now widely recognized that measurement data should be properly analyzed to include an assessment of their associated uncertainty. Since this parameter allows for a meaningful comparison of the measurement results and for an evaluation of their reliability, its expression is important not only in the specialized field of scientific metrology, but also in industry, trade, and commerce. General rules for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty are given in the internationally accepted ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, generally known as the GUM. Evaluating the Measurement Uncertainty details the theoretical framework on which the GUM is based and provides additional material on more advanced topics such as least-squares adjustment and Bayesian statistics. The book does not require previous knowledge other than elementary calculus and can be read as a complement to the GUM or as a stand-alone reference source. It stresses fundamental principles and illustrates their applications through numerous examples taken from many different fields of metrology. The book includes practical guidance as well as theoretical aspects, resulting in an invaluable resource for metrologists, engineers, physicists, and graduate students involved with measurements in academia and industry.

This book takes a learner-oriented approach as it strives to make complex material understandable and usable. By understanding the underlying principles of measurement and evaluation, readers will then be able to apply those principles and concepts in a variety of physical activity and health-related settings. Practical exercises and applications demonstrate the usefulness of measurement and evaluation, reinforce key points, and make readers active participants in their own education. The book is divided into three parts. Part One introduces the measurement process, showing readers the relevance of measurement and evaluation to their personal and professional lives, and including examples and statistics related to such concepts as validity, reliability, and objectivity. The two chapters in Part Two further help readers understand numbers and assist those who need to use more advanced statistical calculations. Part Three presents measurement and evaluation applications in various settings, such as measuring physical fitness; measuring exercise, physical activity, and health; measuring in competitive sports and coaching; measuring and evaluating knowledge and assigning grades; and measuring in research. Throughout, discussions and examples show the relevance and application of measurement and evaluation in various professions, including physical therapy, athletic training, fitness/wellness management, exercise and sport psychology, exercise science, coaching, and physical education.

The routine jobs of yesterday are being replaced by technology and/or shipped off-shore. In their place, job categories that require knowledge management, abstract reasoning, and personal services seem to be growing. The modern workplace requires workers to have broad cognitive and affective skills. Often referred to as "21st century skills," these skills include being able to solve complex problems, to think critically about tasks, to effectively communicate with people from a variety of different cultures and using a variety of different techniques, to work in collaboration with others, to adapt to rapidly changing environments and conditions for performing tasks, to effectively manage one's work, and to acquire new skills and information on one's own. The National Research Council (NRC) has convened two prior workshops on the topic of 21st century skills. The first, held in 2007, was designed to examine research on the skills required for the 21st century workplace and the extent to which they are meaningfully different from earlier eras and require corresponding changes in educational experiences. The second workshop, held in 2009, was designed to explore demand for these types of skills, consider intersections between science education reform goals and 21st century skills, examine models of high-quality science instruction that may develop the skills, and consider science teacher readiness for 21st century skills. The third workshop was intended to delve more deeply into the topic of assessment. The goal for this workshop was to capitalize on the prior efforts and explore strategies for assessing the five skills identified earlier. The Committee on the Assessment of 21st Century Skills was asked to organize a workshop that reviewed the assessments and related research for each of the five skills identified at the previous workshops, with special attention to recent developments in technology-enabled assessment of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In designing the workshop, the committee collapsed the five skills into three broad clusters as shown below: Cognitive skills: nonroutine problem solving, critical thinking, systems thinking Interpersonal skills: complex communication, social skills, team-work, cultural sensitivity, dealing with diversity Intrapersonal skills: self-management, time management, self-development, self-regulation, adaptability, executive functioning Assessing 21st Century Skills provides an integrated summary of the presentations and discussions from both parts of the third workshop.

This text provides an introduction to the theory and practice of internal evaluation. It presents the stages of internal evaluation growth, ways of identifying users' needs and selecting appropriate evaluation methods.

Although ability testing has been an American preoccupation since the 1920s, comparatively little systematic attention has been paid to understanding and measuring the kinds of human performance that tests are commonly used to predictâ€"such as success at school or work. Now, a sustained, large-scale effort has been made to develop measures that are very close to actual performance on the job. The four military services have carried out an ambitious study, called the Joint-Service Job Performance Measurement/Enlistment Standards (JPM) Project, that brings new sophistication to the measurement of performance in work settings. Volume 1 analyzes the JPM experience in the context of human resource management policy in the military. Beginning with a historical overview of the criterion problem, it looks closely at substantive and methodological issues in criterion research suggested by the project: the development of performance measures; sampling, logistical, and standardization problems; evaluating the reliability and content representativeness of performance measures; and the relationship between predictor scores and performance measuresâ€"valuable information that can also be useful in the civilian workplace.