This manual sets out the full methodology of producing PPPs within the ‘Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme’ – a programme in which the Eurostat and OECD have been working together in producing and publishing Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) for their respective member countries. PPPs are essential tools for the comparison of price and volume levels of GDP and other indicators. This manual describes the organisation of the work and the data collection, validation and calculation methods as applied for the reference year 2022. It updates the previous edition published in 2012. The aim of the manual is: (i) to provide methodological guidelines on PPPs to those directly engaged in the programme, i.e. to practitioners in Eurostat, the OECD and National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) of participating countries; (ii), to advise PPPs users – policymakers, journalists, academics, researchers – on the use and interpretation of programme comparison results; and (iii) to provide a single point of reference on the Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme, accessible to teachers, students and the general public interested in PPPs and related statistics.

Explains the why, how and when of the international price and volume comparisons organised by Eurostat and OECD and provides advice on the use and interpretation of Eurostat/OECD PPP figures.

This report presents a comprehensive overview of recent and longer-term trends in productivity levels and growth in OECD countries and selected G20 economies. The different chapters feature an analysis of latest developments in productivity, economic growth, sectoral reallocation, investment, labour productivity by firm size and labour income. This edition also includes a special chapter providing insights of productivity developments in 2023 based on experimental estimates for 38 OECD countries.

This manual gives a complete, detailed and up-to-date description of the Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme, including its organisation, the various surveys carried out by participating countries and the ways PPPs are calculated and disseminated. It also provides guidance on the use of PPPs.

Both Keynes’s General Theory and orthodox economics seek to understand how competitive markets work, but they diverge sharply with respect to the nature and properties of the competitive equilibrium. The reason, as Keynes himself pointed out, is that the General Theory recognises that the future consequences of current decisions are fundamentally uncertain which, contra the orthodox view, radically affects decision-making and the functioning of markets. This book approaches macroeconomics on the basis of the General Theory, of which a new exposition is offered in the first part, purged of the grey areas that resulted from the context in which it was written, and of the considerable confusion generated for almost a century by the vain attempts of orthodox thinking to integrate such novel ideas in its deficient conceptual framework. The second part aims at extending the conceptual framework to the open economy and considering how uncertainty affects international linkages. The third part proposes an integrated conceptual and formal framework for analysing how changes in the national and international context, including macroeconomic policies, affect an economy. This new examination of General Theory is a major addition to the literature on Keynes, macroeconomics, economic theory and the history of economic thought.

Health at a Glance provides a comprehensive set of indicators on population health and health system performance across OECD members and key emerging economies. These cover health status, risk factors for health, access to and quality of healthcare, and health system resources. Analysis draws from the latest comparable official national statistics and other sources.