Études fines des échanges énergétiques entre les bâtiments et l'atmosphère urbaine

Études fines des échanges énergétiques entre les bâtiments et l'atmosphère urbaine
Title Études fines des échanges énergétiques entre les bâtiments et l'atmosphère urbaine PDF eBook
Author Noëlie Daviau
Publisher
Pages 0
Release 2016
Genre
ISBN

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Le travail réalisé dans le cadre de cette thèse porte sur l'effet que les bâtiments exercent sur l'atmosphère urbaine et notamment sur les échanges énergétiques qui s'opèrent entre les deux systèmes. Afin de modéliser plus finement les effets thermiques du bâtiment sur les écoulements atmosphériques lors de simulations réalisées par le logiciel de CFD Code_Saturne, nous procédons au couplage de cet outil avec le modèle de bâtiment BuildSysPro. Cette bibliothèque fonctionne sous Dymola et peut calculer des matrices descriptives du bâtiment utilisables ensuite en dehors du logiciel. Ce sont donc ces matrices qui sont utilisées pour le couplage par l'intermédiaire d'un code assurant l'échange de données entre les calculs de thermique du bâtiment et ceux de CFD. Après une revue des phénomènes physiques en lien avec l'atmosphère urbaine et des modèles existants, nous nous intéressons aux interactions entre l'atmosphère et le milieu urbain, notamment les bâtiments. Ceux-ci peuvent avoir un impact sur les écoulements aussi bien dynamique, en tant qu'obstacles, que thermique, via leurs températures de parois. Parallèlement à la mise en place du couplage entre les deux logiciels, nous étudions les données de la campagne de mesures EM2PAU que nous utilisons pour notre validation. EM2PAU, réalisée en 2011 à Nantes, représente une rue canyon idéalisée par deux rangées de conteneurs. La campagne a pour spécificité de prendre simultanément les mesures de températures d'air et de parois ainsi que les vitesses du vent de référence et des écoulements dans le canyon par un anémomètre sonique placé à 10 m d'altitude et six autres positionnés en six emplacements dans le canyon. Nous cherchons donc à mettre en évidence les effets dynamiques et thermiques des bâtiments sur les écoulements à partir des résultats de cette campagne, pour ensuite les simuler. Puis la modélisation numérique des écoulements sur le domaine de EM2PAU est réalisée. L'objectif de ce travail est de mettre en évidence l'influence des effets thermiques des parois sur les flux atmosphériques. Nous comparons des simulations avec différentes méthodes pour donner les valeurs des températures de surface des conteneurs. La première méthode consiste à imposer ces températures d'après les mesures ; ainsi la température de chaque paroi sera fixée à la température de surface mesurée lors de l'instrumentation de EM2PAU. Quant à la deuxième méthode, on impose la température de l'air extérieur mesurée à l'instant simulé à toutes les parois des conteneurs, afin de créer un cas où l'on n'observe que peu ou pas d'échanges de chaleur. Enfin la troisième méthode est la simulation couplée de Code_Saturne et BuildSysPro. Les résultats des différentes simulations sont alors comparés afin de distinguer les effets thermiques des parois des bâtiments sur les écoulements d'air. Nous observons que les effets dynamiques sont primordiaux et peuvent engendrer des vitesses verticales de l'écoulement dans le canyon de l'ordre plusieurs mètres par seconde, tandis que des écarts de températures de surface de l'ordre de 15°C peuvent modifier les vitesses verticales du vent de moins de 0, 5 mètres par seconde. Si ces effets thermiques sont difficiles à isoler sur des mesures en raison des autres phénomènes susceptibles d'influencer les écoulements atmosphériques, les études numériques peuvent toutefois mieux quantifier ces différences.

ICREEC 2019

ICREEC 2019
Title ICREEC 2019 PDF eBook
Author Ahmed Belasri
Publisher Springer Nature
Pages 659
Release 2020-06-10
Genre Technology & Engineering
ISBN 9811554447

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This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.

Innovate Bristol

Innovate Bristol
Title Innovate Bristol PDF eBook
Author Sven Boermeester
Publisher
Pages
Release 2019-12
Genre
ISBN 9781949677072

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Innovate Bristol highlights and celebrates those companies and individuals that are actively working at building a better tomorrow for all. Innovation Ecosystems thrive through the involvement and support of companies and individuals from all industries, which is why the Innovate series not only focuses on the innovators but also those people whom the Innovation Ecosystem, would not be able to thrive without.

Water & Heritage

Water & Heritage
Title Water & Heritage PDF eBook
Author Willem Willems
Publisher
Pages 434
Release 2017-01-15
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 9789088903861

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Water is vital for life, and its availability has been a concern for mankind throughout the ages. Its presence has always been ascertained in a variety of ways and the development of human society everywhere is connected with various forms of water management. Man also needed to manage water to find protection from its dangers and the need for that is increasing. In the coming decades, the impact of climate change is expected to intensify floods and droughts, affect groundwater resources, raise sea levels, increase pollution and enhance the frequency and magnitude of disasters. Societies around the world are challenged to adapt to these threats to ensure water security, economic prosperity and environmental and cultural sustainability. This book deals with the heritage of water management and the use that was made of water, as well as the impact of water management on heritage. An example of the former may be an ancient irrigation system in the Filipines or in the Middle East that still functions today, while the latter may reflect the importance of maintaining groundwater levels for the preservation of organic remains on archaeological sites or of wooden piles underneath standing buildings. In either case the papers in this book reflect the dynamic nature of water, and hence the equally dynamic relation between water management and heritage. This publication follows up on a Heritage and Water conference in Amsterdam, the first of its kind. Its main purpose is to credibly present the importance and value of heritage and historical experience for water and sustainable development, and vice versa, present the importance of water management for the protection of heritage. It presents evolving insights and concepts about Water and about Heritage from a variety of disciplines, policy and public perspectives illustrated with cases studies and aims to connect decision makers with experts such as engineers, archaeologists, historians, geographers, ecologist and landscape architects

Environmental Law in Developing Countries

Environmental Law in Developing Countries
Title Environmental Law in Developing Countries PDF eBook
Author Marianela Cedeño Bonilla
Publisher IUCN
Pages 168
Release 2004
Genre Gardening
ISBN 9782831708188

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This book contains a selection of papers on various legal issues of interest to developing countries which have been prepared by Fellows from InWent who came to Germany between 2002 and 2004 from Africa, Asia, and Latin America to research and write about subjects of their choice at the IUCN Environmental Law Centre.

Heat Islands

Heat Islands
Title Heat Islands PDF eBook
Author Lisa Mummery Gartland
Publisher Routledge
Pages 216
Release 2012-05-16
Genre Architecture
ISBN 1136564209

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Heat islands are urban and suburban areas that are significantly warmer than their surroundings. Traditional, highly absorptive construction materials and a lack of effective landscaping are their main causes. Heat island problems, in terms of increased energy consumption, reduced air quality and effects on human health and mortality, are becoming more pressing as cities continue to grow and sprawl. This comprehensive book brings together the latest information about heat islands and their mitigation. The book describes how heat islands are formed, what problems they cause, which technologies mitigate heat island effects and what policies and actions can be taken to cool communities. Internationally renowned expert Lisa Gartland offers a comprehensive source of information for turning heat islands into cool communities. The author includes sections on cool roofing and cool paving, explains their benefits in detail and provides practical guidelines for their selection and installation. The book also reviews how and why to incorporate trees and vegetation around buildings, in parking lots and on green roofs.

Energy Performance of Residential Buildings

Energy Performance of Residential Buildings
Title Energy Performance of Residential Buildings PDF eBook
Author Mat Santamouris
Publisher Taylor & Francis
Pages 151
Release 2010-09-23
Genre Technology & Engineering
ISBN 1136534814

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Energy Rating is a crucial consideration in modern building design, affirmed by the new EC Directive on the energy performance of buildings. Energy represents a high percentage of the running costs of a building, and has a significant impact on the comfort of the occupants. This book represents detailed information on energy rating of residential buildings, covering: * Theoretical and experimental energy rating techniques: reviewing the state of the art and offering guidance on the in situ identification of the UA and gA values of buildings. * New experimental protocols to evaluate energy performance: detailing a flexible new approach based on actual energy consumption. Data are collected using the Billed Energy Protocol (BEP) and Monitored Energy Protocol (MEP) * Energy Normalization techniques: describing established methods plus a new Climate Severity Index, which offers significant benefits to the user. Also included in this book are audit forms and a CD-ROM for applying the new rating methodology. The software, prepared in Excel, is easy to use, can be widely applied using both deterministic and experimental methods, and can be adapted to national peculiarities and energy policy criteria. Energy Performance of Residential Buildings offers full and clear treatment of the key issues and will be an invaluable source of information for energy experts, building engineers, architects, physicists, project managers and local authorities. The book stems from the EC-funded SAVE project entitled EUROCLASS. Participating institutes included: * University of Athens, Greece * Belgium Building Research Institute, Belgium * University of Seville, Spain * Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden