Les catalyseurs à base de ruthénium supporté sur cérine, alumine et supports mixte sont étudiés dans la combustion du noir de carbone, l’oxydation des COV et le vaporeformage du méthanol. Les catalyseurs supportés sur cérine sont réactifs et sélectifs pour la formation de CO2 dans les réactions d’oxydation. Cela est lié à la présence de deux espèces oxydes de ruthénium différentes en interaction avec la cérine. Ces deux espèces sont facilement réductibles à faibles températures. Il est également démontré, que la teneur optimale de ruthénium sur la cérine est de 1,5% en masse. Pour des teneurs plus élevées, la réactivité n’est plus améliorée suite à la formation d’agglomérats de RuO2 moins réactifs que les oxydes de ruthénium, en interaction avec la cérine, dans les réactions d’oxydation. Le mécanisme réactionnel de combustion du noir de carbone en présence des solides à base de ruthénium passe par une réaction de réduction des espèces oxydes de ruthénium en interaction avec la cérine. Ces espèces s’oxydent de nouveau par réaction avec l’oxygène de la phase gazeuse. Un mécanisme similaire est envisagée dans l’oxydation des COV. L’effet thermique lié à l’oxydation catalytique du COV est mis en évidence dans la combustion simultanée des suies et des COV. Ce résultat montre la possibilité d’une application à l’élimination des suies émises par les moteurs Diesel et certaines industries. Dans le vaporeformage du méthanol, le rôle promoteur du support cérine est mis en évidence. L’interaction entre cérine et ruthénium semble être également responsable de l’élimination du monoxyde de carbone des produits de la réaction. L’addition de palladium permet d’améliorer la sélectivité en H2.

This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.

Organic chemists working on the synthesis of natural products have long found a special challenge in the preparation of peptides and proteins. However, more reliable, more efficient synthetic preparation methods have been developed in recent years. This reference evaluates the most important synthesis methods available today, and also considers methods that show promise for future applications. This text describes the state of the art in efficient synthetic methods for the synthesis of both natural and artificial large peptide and protein molecules. Subjects include an introduction to basic topics, linear solid-phase synthesis of peptides, peptide synthesis in solution, convergent solid-phase synthesis, methods for the synthesis of branched peptides, formation of disulfide bridges, and more. The book emphasizes strategies and tactics that must be considered for the successful synthesis of peptides.

In less than 20 years N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become well-established ancillary ligands for the preparation of transition metal-based catalysts. This is mainly due to the fact that NHCs tend to bind strongly to metal centres, avoiding the need of excess ligand in catalytic reactions. Also, NHC‒metal complexes are often insensitive to air and moisture, and have proven remarkably resistant to oxidation. This book showcases the wide variety of applications of NHCs in different chemistry fields beyond being simple phosphine mimics. This second edition has been updated throughout, and now includes a new chapter on NHC‒main group element complexes. It covers the synthesis of NHC ligands and their corresponding metal complexes, as well as their bonding and stereoelectronic properties and applications in catalysis. This is complemented by related topics such as organocatalysis and biologically active complexes. Written for organic and inorganic chemists, this book is ideal for postgraduates, researchers and industrialists.

Each chapter of Phosphorus Compounds: Advanced Tools in Catalysis and Material Sciences have been carefully selected by the editors in order to represent a state-of-the-art overview of how phosphorus chemistry can provide solutions in various fields of applications. The editors have assembled an international array of world-renowned scientists and each chapter is written by experts in the fields of synthetic chemistry, homogeneous catalysis, dendrimers, theoretical calculations, materials science, and medicinal chemistry with a special focus on the chemistry of phosphorus compounds. Phosphorus Compounds: Advanced Tools in Catalysis and Material Sciences is of interest to a general readership ranging from advanced university course students to experts in academia and industry.

These proceedings reflect the extensive fundamental and applied research efforts that are currently being made on the conversion of gas, in particular on the direct conversion of methane. The Symposium in Oslo focused on the following topics: Direct conversion of methane, Fischer-Tropsch chemistry, methanol conversion and natural gas conversion processes. The main aim was to present the state-of-the-art and progress currently being made within each of these areas. The book contains the papers presented and includes plenary lectures, short communications and posters. The papers will be of interest to scientists and engineers working in the field of gas conversion, transportation fuels, primary petrochemicals and catalysis.