Rendered from the 11th Edition of Copi/Cohen, Introduction to Logic, the most respected introductory logic book on the market, this concise version presents a simplified yet rigorous introduction to the study of logic. It covers all major topics and approaches, using a three-part organization that outlines specific topics under logic and language, deduction, and induction. For individuals intrigued by the formal study of logic.

Originally published in 1926, this book is an exploration of the essentials of logic: the study of the general conditions of valid inference. The main aim of logic is not to teach people to reason correctly, but to explain what happens when they do reason correctly, and why some reasoning is not correct, and this book contains chapters examining judgment and terms; categorical propositions and their implications; and deduction and syllogism.

An introduction to applying predicate logic to testing and verification of software and digital circuits that focuses on applications rather than theory. Computer scientists use logic for testing and verification of software and digital circuits, but many computer science students study logic only in the context of traditional mathematics, encountering the subject in a few lectures and a handful of problem sets in a discrete math course. This book offers a more substantive and rigorous approach to logic that focuses on applications in computer science. Topics covered include predicate logic, equation-based software, automated testing and theorem proving, and large-scale computation. Formalism is emphasized, and the book employs three formal notations: traditional algebraic formulas of propositional and predicate logic; digital circuit diagrams; and the widely used partially automated theorem prover, ACL2, which provides an accessible introduction to mechanized formalism. For readers who want to see formalization in action, the text presents examples using Proof Pad, a lightweight ACL2 environment. Readers will not become ALC2 experts, but will learn how mechanized logic can benefit software and hardware engineers. In addition, 180 exercises, some of them extremely challenging, offer opportunities for problem solving. There are no prerequisites beyond high school algebra. Programming experience is not required to understand the book's equation-based approach. The book can be used in undergraduate courses in logic for computer science and introduction to computer science and in math courses for computer science students.

This back-to-basics mix of informal and formal logic evolved from Ronald Pine's efforts to make logic relevant and interesting to his students. With student-friendly examples, such as how to use logic when shopping for a car, Pine works to remove intimidating perceptions of logic and replace them with opportunities to build critical reasoning skills and confidence. Pine emphasizes relevance, continuity, and depth.

"English is so illogical!" It is generally believed that English is a language of exceptions. For many, learning to spell and read is frustrating. For some, it is impossible... especially for the 29% of Americans who are functionally illiterate. But what if the problem is not the language itself, but the rules we were taught? What if we could see the complexity of English as a powerful tool rather than a hindrance? --Denise Eide Uncovering the Logic of English challenges the notion that English is illogical by systematically explaining English spelling and answering questions like "Why is there a silent final E in have, large, and house?" and "Why is discussion spelled with -sion rather than -tion?" With easy-to-read examples and anecdotes, this book describes: - the phonograms and spelling rules which explain 98% of English words - how English words are formed and how this knowledge can revolutionize vocabulary development - how understanding the reasons behind English spelling prevents students from needing to guess The author's inspiring commentary makes a compelling case that understanding the logic of English could transform literacy education and help solve America's literacy crisis. Thorough and filled with the latest linguistic and reading research, Uncovering the Logic of English demonstrates why this systematic approach should be as foundational to our education as 1+1=2.

Logic programming has developed into a broad discipline within computing science, contributing to such fields as artificial intelligence, new-generation computing, software engineering and deductive databases. This new book presents the fundamentals of logic programming from both practical and theoretical viewpoints. It also covers various extensions of the formalism, its relationship to Prolog, its formal semantics and its applications to program analysis and transformation. The text is illustrated throughout with numerous diagrams. The material is organized into sixty modular themes, permitting many kinds of course to be based upon it; and it includes nearly seventy pages of detailed answers to all of the exercises.