This Book Covers The Following Topics: What are “Causative Sentences”? Causative Sentences -- HAVE Structure 1(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 1(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Structure 2(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 2(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Structure 3(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 3(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Causative Verb ‘Have’ and Tense Change Causative Sentences -- GET Structure (1) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure (2) ---- Passive Causative Structure Causative Verb ‘Get’ and Tense Change Causative Sentences -- MAKE Causative Sentences -- LET Causative Sentences -- HELP Sentences with Verb ‘Cause’ Other ‘Causative Verbs’ Use of ‘Modal Verbs’ with Causative Verbs Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) Exercises: 3(A) and 3(B) Exercises: 4(A) and 4(B) Sample This: What are “Causative Sentences”? In a causative, a person or thing does not perform an action directly. The subject (person or thing) causes it to happen by forcing, persuading, assisting, etc. an agent (another person or thing) to perform it. The subject (person or thing) does not carry out an action oneself but rather has the action done by an agent (another person or thing). Examples: The faulty design caused a bridge to collapse. Modern lifestyles cause children and adults to spend most of their time indoors. Rain caused water to collect on the road. She caused the needle to run. Causative verbs – Have, Get, Make, Let, Help -- Comparison Causative ‘Have’ has less force and authority than Causative ‘Get’. Causative ‘Get’ has less force and authority than Causative ‘Make’ Causative Verb ‘Have’ -- used to express “arrangement/duty/responsibility” [Less Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Get’ -- used to express “encouragement/persuasion". [Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Make’ -- used to express "compulsion/insistence/requirement” [Most Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Let’ -- used to express “permission". [No Force] Causative Verb ‘Help’ -- used to express “assistance". [No Force] Causative ‘Have’ is more formal than causative ‘Get’. In the imperative form, causative ‘Get’ is more frequent than causative ‘Have’. Types of Causative Verbs Causative structures are of two types – (1). ‘Active’ in Nature – (Done By Somebody/Something) (2). ‘Passive’ in Nature – (Done To Somebody/Something) Passive causatives are used to take attention away from the doer of the action and give more attention to the action being done. ALSO NOTE: “Have somebody do something” is more common in American English. “Get somebody to do something” is more common in British English. All causative verbs are transitive. CAUSATIVE VERB – HAVE Structure 1(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Subject + Have (Causative Verb) + Agent (Someone/Something) + Base Form of Verb + Object (Someone/Something) Example: I have him take my photograph. (Present) Explanation: I arrange for my photograph to be taken by him. [I cause him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. Example: I had him take my photograph. (Past) Explanation: I arranged for my photograph to be taken by him. [I caused him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. Example: I will have him take my photograph. (Future) Explanation: I will arrange for my photograph to be taken by him. [I will cause him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. OTHER EXAMPLES: CAUSATIVE - HAVE -- Have/Has + Someone/Something + Base Form of Verb Note: This pattern may denote past, present, or future tense based on another verb in the sentence. Her desire to have me write a memoir only raised my stress level. We are so blessed to have her sing one of our songs. It is one thing to have somebody else ask him about what he has done and it is quite another to have me ask him. He refused to have investigation officers search his home.

Causative Sentences In Daily Use English | English Causative Words - Get, Have, Make, Let, Help | Examples Of Causative Sentences | English Causative Verb - Have, Causative - Active And Passive, Examples Of Causative Verbs - Have | English Causative Verb - Make, Examples Of Causative Verbs - Make | English Causative Verb - Get, Active And Passive Causatives, Examples Of Causative Verbs - Get | Causative Verb - Let, Examples Of Causative Verbs - Let, Spoken English Sentences | English Causative- Help, Causative - Active & Passive | Examples Of Causative Verbs - Help | Causative Examples - I Had Him Take My Photograph, Residents Have To Have Electric Meters Repaired, We Make People Like What They Hate, He Was Made To Renew License, We Didn't Want To Risks By Getting Engineers To Work On The Tracks, Get Yourself Vaccinated, He Was Letting The Engine Warm, Guide Helped Tourist Come Out Of The Dense Forest.Structure (1 B) ---- Passive Causative StructureSubject + Causative Verb + Object + Action VerbI have my photograph taken. (Present)I had my photograph taken. (Past)I will have my photograph taken. (Future)Explanation - I arrange/arranged/will arrange for my photograph to be taken by someone. - I don't know who.So this is like passive causative structure.MORE EXAMPLESCAUSATIVE - HAVE -- (Present Form)The strain of flue has health experts worried.Prosecution has got her passport revoked.Smog had the city enveloped for over a week recently.Smog set in over the capital on Oct 28 has had the govt. worried.News agency has reporters deployed across the region.He has her five-star hotel suite decorated just the way she likes it.He may lose his job or even have an FIR lodged against his name.You can even have home cooked food supplied to you.Rather than have it confiscated, she ate gold bullions.She apparently had brought the jewelry home to have it evaluated.We have barricade put up and there were policeman.Have your questions answered by readers?Pilots have both CPL and RTR issued.Onions again have people tears-eyed.You would have many things lined up.If that doesn't have you worried, that this should.They have their problem sorted out.The rich never have justice done them in plays and stories; for the people who write are poor.We have admitted two persons who have after renal transplant done at some other center, come to JK Hospital.You can't have the demolition order set aside.He asked her to have the door of the room forced open.He also didn't miss the opportunity to have him photographed with others.Her first act was to have him beheaded.He refused to have officer questioned.He warned to have him captured.He had always hated to have his toe nails clipped.

This volume brings together a selection of articles illustrating the multifaceted nature of current research in generative syntax. The authors, including some of the leading figures in the field, present analyses of typologically diverse languages, with some studies drawing on dialectal, acquisitional and diachronic evidence. Set against this rich empirical background, the contributions address an equally wide range of theoretical issues.

This Book Covers The Following Topics: Active and Passive Voice Interchange of Active and Passive Voice 1. First or Second Form of Verb 2. Auxiliary Verb ‘Be’ + -ING Form of Verb 3. Have/Has/Had + Past Participle 4. Present/Future Modals + Verb Word 5. Past Modals + Past Participle 6. Verb + Preposition 7. Main Verb + Object + Complement 8. Main Verb + Object + Object 9. Have/Has/Had + Infinitive (To + Verb) 10. Auxiliary Verb ‘Be’ + Infinitive (To + Verb) 11. Verb + Object + Infinitive (Without ‘To’) 12. There + Verb ‘Be’ + Noun + Infinitive 13. Interrogative Sentences 14. Imperative Sentences 15. Principal Clause + That + Noun Clause (Object) 16. Verb followed by --ING form or an Infinitive 17. Use of Prepositions 18. The Passive With GET 19. Middle Voice Exercise -- 01 Exercise -- 02 Exercise -- 03 Sample This: VOICE - Definition Voice refers to the form of a verb that shows whether the subject of a sentence performs the action or is affected by it. ACTIVE VOICE - Definition The form of a verb in which the subject is the person or thing that performs the action. Example: They finished the work. [subject -- “they”, verb -- “finished”, object -- “work”] In this sentence, the subject (they) acts on the object (work). Other Examples: The teacher praises him. She posted the letter. I buy new books. We will celebrate his birthday. PASSIVE VOICE - Definition The form of a verb in which the subject is affected by the action of the verb. Important Note -- The object of the active voice becomes the subject in the passive voice. Example: The work was finished by them. [subject -- “work”, passive verb -- “was finished”, object -- “them”] In this example, the subject (work) is not the doer; it is being acted upon by the doer ‘them’) Other Examples: He is praised by the teacher. The letter was posted by her New books are bought by me. His birthday will be celebrated by us. WHEN TO USE PASSIVE VOICE (1). You should use passive voice when you do not know the active subject. (2). When you want to make the active object more important. (3). When the active subject is obvious. (4). When you want to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action. (5). Passive voice is frequently used to describe scientific or mechanical processes (6). Passive voice is often used in news reports: (7). When active voice does not sound good. (8). When you want to make more polite or formal statements. (9). You can use passive voice to avoid responsibility. (10). You can also use passive voice for sentence variety in your writing. (11). You can also use passive voice when you want to avoid extra-long subjects. Changing Active Voice Into Passive Voice Rule 1: Move the object of the active voice into the position of the subject (front of the sentence) in the passive voice. And move the subject of the active voice into the position of the object in the passive voice. Rule 2: Passive voice needs a helping verb to express the action. Put the helping verb in the same tense as the original active sentence. The main verb of the active voice is always changed into a past participle (third form of the verb) in different ways. Rule 3: Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition ‘by’. Rule 4: If the object in an active voice sentence is a pronoun (me, us, you, him, her, they, it), it changes in a passive voice sentence as follows: me -- I; us -- we; you -- you; him -- he; her -- she; them -- they; it – it Rule 5: Subject- Verb Agreement Make the first verb agree with the new subject in a passive voice. Rule 6: When there are two objects (direct object and indirect object), only one object is interchanged. The second object remains unchanged. The following Tenses Cannot Be Changed Into Passive Voice: 1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense 2. Past Perfect Continuous Tense 3. Future Continuous Tense 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

This book provides a comprehensive typological account of voice syncretism, focusing on resemblance in formal verbal marking between two or more of the following seven voices: passives, antipassives, reflexives, reciprocals, anticausatives, causatives, and applicatives. It covers voice syncretism from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, and has been structured in a manner that facilitates convenient access to information about specific patterns of voice syncretism, their distribution and development. The book is based on a survey of voice syncretism in 222 geographically and genealogically diverse languages, but also thoroughly revisits previous research on the phenomenon. Voice syncretism is approached systematically by establishing and exploring patterns of voice syncretism that can logically be posited for the seven voices of focus in the book: 21 simplex patterns when one considers two of the seven voices sharing the same marking (e.g. reflexive-reciprocal syncretism), and 99 complex patterns when one considers more than two of the voices sharing the same marking (e.g. reflexive-reciprocal-anticausative syncretism). In a similar vein, 42 paths of development can logically be posited if it is assumed that voice marking in each of the seven voices can potentially develop one of the other six voice functions (e.g. reflexive voice marking developing a reciprocal function). This approach enables the discussion of both voice syncretism that has received considerable attention in the literature (notably middle syncretism involving the reflexive, reciprocal, anticausative and/or passive voices) and voice syncretism that has received little or not treatment in the past (including seemingly contradictory patterns such as causative-anticausative and passive-antipassive syncretism). In the survey almost all simplex patterns are attested in addition to seventeen complex patterns. In terms of diachrony, evidence is presented and discussed for twenty paths of development. The book strives to highlight the variation found in voice syncretism across the world’s languages and encourage further research into the phenomenon.