As technology develops to comply with new and different requirements in various regions of the world, understanding the fundamental principles of how engine emissions occur, and how they can be properly measured, is vitally important.

As technology develops to comply with new and different requirements in various regions of the world, understanding the fundamental principles of how engine emissions occur, and how they can be properly measured, is vitally important.

As technology develops to comply with new and different requirements in various regions of the world, understanding the fundamental principles of how engine emissions occur, and how they can be properly measured, is vitally important.

In recent years, emissions from transportation engines have been studied widely because of the contribution of such engines to atmospheric pollution. During this period the amounts of pollutants emitted, the mechanism of their formation, and means of controlling emissions have been investigated in industrial and government laboratories, as well as at universities. The results of these investigations have generally been published as individual articles in journals, transactions, meeting proceedings, and, frequently, in company reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers in the field to keep abreast of all developments. For this reason, the editors felt the need for a book which would survey the existing state of knowledge in wide, albeit selected areas, and would provide a guide to the relevant literature. This book is intended to fulfill this function. It is recognized that all aspects of transportation engine emissions cannot be explored in a single volume. In this book attention is focused primarily on sources and mechanisms of emission formation within the combustion process, and on measurement techniques. Beyond this objective, no re strictions were placed on the authors. Within the framework of the general theme each author has been free to treat his subject as he saw fit. The editors have not strived to replace by uniformity the highly personal and attractive divergences of style. Considerable efforts were made, however, to ensure clarity and minimum overlap between the chapters.

Differing legislation between the countries or unions of countries involved in pollution reduction has turned gas measuring technology into such an extremely extensive and complex field that only a few specialists in environmental agencies and the automobile industry have a grasp of it. This book is intended as an overview of the basics of exhaust gas measuring technology describing the interrelation between emissions, immissions and the effects of pollutants. It aims to provide experts and students alike with an understanding of the interrelationships and details within this field. The results presented are based on the experience gathered by the author during work spanning more than two decades in the automobile industry.

More than 120 authors from science and industry have documented this essential resource for students, practitioners, and professionals. Comprehensively covering the development of the internal combustion engine (ICE), the information presented captures expert knowledge and serves as an essential resource that illustrates the latest level of knowledge about engine development. Particular attention is paid toward the most up-to-date theory and practice addressing thermodynamic principles, engine components, fuels, and emissions. Details and data cover classification and characteristics of reciprocating engines, along with fundamentals about diesel and spark ignition internal combustion engines, including insightful perspectives about the history, components, and complexities of the present-day and future IC engines. Chapter highlights include: • Classification of reciprocating engines • Friction and Lubrication • Power, efficiency, fuel consumption • Sensors, actuators, and electronics • Cooling and emissions • Hybrid drive systems Nearly 1,800 illustrations and more than 1,300 bibliographic references provide added value to this extensive study. “Although a large number of technical books deal with certain aspects of the internal combustion engine, there has been no publication until now that covers all of the major aspects of diesel and SI engines.” Dr.-Ing. E. h. Richard van Basshuysen and Professor Dr.-Ing. Fred Schäfer, the editors, “Internal Combustion Engines Handbook: Basics, Components, Systems, and Perpsectives”