In recent years, emissions from transportation engines have been studied widely because of the contribution of such engines to atmospheric pollution. During this period the amounts of pollutants emitted, the mechanism of their formation, and means of controlling emissions have been investigated in industrial and government laboratories, as well as at universities. The results of these investigations have generally been published as individual articles in journals, transactions, meeting proceedings, and, frequently, in company reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers in the field to keep abreast of all developments. For this reason, the editors felt the need for a book which would survey the existing state of knowledge in wide, albeit selected areas, and would provide a guide to the relevant literature. This book is intended to fulfill this function. It is recognized that all aspects of transportation engine emissions cannot be explored in a single volume. In this book attention is focused primarily on sources and mechanisms of emission formation within the combustion process, and on measurement techniques. Beyond this objective, no re strictions were placed on the authors. Within the framework of the general theme each author has been free to treat his subject as he saw fit. The editors have not strived to replace by uniformity the highly personal and attractive divergences of style. Considerable efforts were made, however, to ensure clarity and minimum overlap between the chapters.

In recent years, emissions from transportation engines have been studied widely because of the contribution of such engines to atmospheric pollution. During this period the amounts of pollutants emitted, the mechanism of their formation, and means of controlling emissions have been investigated in industrial and government laboratories, as well as at universities. The results of these investigations have generally been published as individual articles in journals, transactions, meeting proceedings, and, frequently, in company reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers in the field to keep abreast of all developments. For this reason, the editors felt the need for a book which would survey the existing state of knowledge in wide, albeit selected areas, and would provide a guide to the relevant literature. This book is intended to fulfill this function. It is recognized that all aspects of transportation engine emissions cannot be explored in a single volume. In this book attention is focused primarily on sources and mechanisms of emission formation within the combustion process, and on measurement techniques. Beyond this objective, no re strictions were placed on the authors. Within the framework of the general theme each author has been free to treat his subject as he saw fit. The editors have not strived to replace by uniformity the highly personal and attractive divergences of style. Considerable efforts were made, however, to ensure clarity and minimum overlap between the chapters.

"Engine Emissions: Pollutant Formation and Advances in Control Technology provides an up to date reference to academics and professionals on emissions from SI and CI engine powered vehicles. - In this text, mechanism of formation of engine emissions, effect of engine design and operation variables, world wide vehicle emission standards and emission measurement and test procedures are presented. Advances in emission control technology that have taken place from those used initially and up to the ones employed on the present day vehicles meeting the stringent emission regulations e.g., Euro 4, ULEV, SULEV standards are discussed. - Newer developments on exhaust aftertreatment such as HC adsorber systems, NO, traps and other de-NO, catalysts, and advanced engines like GDI and HCCI engines are covered in the book."--Jacket.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use as a test procedure to determine the gaseous emission level of diesel engines. Its purpose is to provide a map of an engine's emissions characteristics which, through use of the proper weighing factors, can be used as a measure of that engine's emission levels under various applications. The emission results for hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are expressed in units of grams per kilowatt hour (grams/brake horsepower hour) and represent the mass rate of emissions per unit of work accomplished.The emissions are measured in accordance with SAE Recommended practices J177, J215, and J244 using nondispersive infrared equipment for CO and CO2, a heated flame ionization analyzer for HC, and a high performance NDIR or a chemiluminescence analyzer for NOx. All emissions are measured during steady-state engine operation. The mass rate of emissions is calculated (a) from the concentration in the exhaust gas and the exhaust flow for each mode or (b) alternately, using a carbon balance method, from the concentration in the exhaust gas and the mass flow rate of fuel for each mode. If method (a) is used, CO2 should be measured for data validation. The final emissions are calculated by dividing the summation of the weighted emission mass rates by the summation of the weighted brake power values for a cycle.

As technology develops to comply with new and different requirements in various regions of the world, understanding the fundamental principles of how engine emissions occur, and how they can be properly measured, is vitally important.

Differing legislation between the countries or unions of countries involved in pollution reduction has turned gas measuring technology into such an extremely extensive and complex field that only a few specialists in environmental agencies and the automobile industry have a grasp of it. This book is intended as an overview of the basics of exhaust gas measuring technology describing the interrelation between emissions, immissions and the effects of pollutants. It aims to provide experts and students alike with an understanding of the interrelationships and details within this field. The results presented are based on the experience gathered by the author during work spanning more than two decades in the automobile industry.