Recent technological advances have enabled distributed micro-sensing for large scale information gathering through a network of tiny, low power devices or nodes equipped with programmable computing, multiple sensing and communication capabilities. This network of sensor nodes, known as a wireless sensor network, has revolutionized remote monitoring applications because of its ease of deployment, ad hoc connectivity and cost-effectiveness. In this dissertation, we design distributed routing protocols for minimizing energy consumption in a sensor network. There are two main contributions of this work. The first contribution is the design of an energy aware multiple path routing protocol to route heavy data traffic between a source and a destination node in a sensor network. The protocol spreads the routing load between the source and destination nodes over a large number of sensor nodes to minimize disparity in the energy levels of the sensor nodes. We also grade the multiple paths based on their route length to support time critical queries on the shortest available paths. The second contribution is the design of a communication architecture that supports distributed query processing to evaluate spatio-temporal queries within the network. We represent these queries by query trees and distribute query operators to appropriate sensor nodes. As operator execution demands high computation capability, we propose use of a heterogenous sensor network where query operators are assigned to sparsely deployed resource-rich nodes within a dense network of low power sensor nodes. We design an adaptive, decentralized, low communication overhead algorithm to determine an operator placement on the resource-rich nodes in the network to minimize cost of transmitting data in the routing tree constructed to continuously retrieve data from a set of spatially distributed geographical regions to the sink. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to build an energy aware routing infrastructure to enable in-network processing of spatio-temporal queries. In order to maximize energy savings the proposed multiple path routing protocol can be used to route data between the nodes that form the routing tree.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the major aspects in designing, implementing, and deploying wireless sensor networks by discussing present research on WSNs and their applications in various disciplines. It familiarizes readers with the current state of WSNs and how such networks can be improved to achieve effectiveness and efficiency. It starts with a detailed introduction of wireless sensor networks and their applications and proceeds with layered architecture of WSNs. It also addresses prominent issues such as mobility, heterogeneity, fault-tolerance, intermittent connectivity, and cross layer optimization along with a number of existing solutions to stimulate future research.

This conference proceeding is a collection of the papers accepted by the CENet2021 – the 11th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Networks held on October 21-25, 2021 in Hechi, China. The topics focus but are not limited to Internet of Things and Smart Systems, Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Communication System Detection, Analysis and Application, and Medical Engineering and Information Systems. Each part can be used as an excellent reference by industry practitioners, university faculties, research fellows and undergraduates as well as graduate students who need to build a knowledge base of the most current advances and state-of-practice in the topics covered by this conference proceedings. This will enable them to produce, maintain, and manage systems with high levels of trustworthiness and complexity.