It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.

Variations in feeding frequency may lead to difference in utilization of dietary nutrients. The effects of feeding frequency have been tested in growing pigs and finishing pigs using respiratory quotient and postprandial kinetics of plasma metabolites. A reduced feeding frequency resulted in an increased lipogenesis and proteolysis shortly after the meal both in growing and finishing pigs. Nevertheless, growing and finishing pigs exhibit different metabolic pathways when feeding frequency is reduced.

"This book compiles the scientific content of the International Symposium on Energy & Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, in Rostock-Warnemünde 13th-18th September 2003. Specialists from all over the world working in energy and protein metabolism research were assembled to discuss scientific matters of physiology, nutrition, immunology and genetics. All scientific contributions, presented as oral communications or posters, are published in this book. Additionally to these more than 150 articles and 10 review papers, presented by invited speakers, give an overview of the state of the art in special research areas of energy and protein metabolism. The book presents latest results in topics of energy metabolism such as environmental aspects of energy homeostasis, dietary and genetic aspects as well as tissue, organ and whole body energy metabolism and methodology. Furthermore this compilation also gives insight in current affairs of protein research, i.e. protein metabolism and microbiology in the gastro-intestinal tract and requirements and post-absorptive metabolism of amino acids. Apart from these specific questions other topics concerning genes and nutrition or modelling and regulation of energy and protein status were of common interest. The intention of these proceedings is to disseminate latest perceptions of energy and protein research and with this to attempt the connection of areas in animal and human life sciences."

"This book is the result of the 2nd International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. It presents the latest results on energy and protein metabolism and nutrition. It is oriented towards livestock science but also addresses general aspects of protein and energy metabolism as applied to animals or biomedical sciences. The book is based around the following five key topics: * Nutrition and mitochondrial functions * Regulation of body composition and/or product quality by tissue metabolism * ""Omics"" in metabolism and nutrition studies * Coordination between tissues for the metabolic utilisation of nutrients * From the parts to the whole or how to use detailed information to answer applied questions Widely different approaches ranging from fundamental to integrative approaches are applied to key concepts of nutrition. Fundamental research is translated into practical outcomes through active links with applied research and practical applications. The newest research techniques and methods are also addressed and the outcomes presented provide an integrated view of this topic. The conclusions may eventually be integrated into systems of nutritional recommendations as new nutritional challenges emerge. This book will be of interest to all professionals and researchers who concern themselves with developments in animal and human nutrition."

Protein and Amino Acid Nutrition describes the state of knowledge concerning the nutrition of proteins and amino acids. Topics range from the effect of some therapeutic agents on protein and amino acid nutrition, to species and age differences in amino acid requirements; utilization of D-amino acids; effect of proteins and amino acids on the growth of adult tissue in vitro; and amino acid requirements of animals and young adults. This volume is organized into 16 chapters and begins with an overview of the nutritional implications of the metabolic interrelationships of amino acids. The next chapters discuss experiments that tested the differences in amino acid requirements due to the differences in age and in species among animals, the biochemical individuality of amino acid requirements, and the utilization of dietary proteins. This book explains the synthesis of tissue proteins in relation to the essential amino acids; the link between food energy and nitrogen metabolism; and the use of the repletion method to measure the nutritive value of proteins, protein hydrolyzates, and amino acid mixtures. The final chapter discusses the nutritional needs of the older age groups. This book is intended for scientists, students, and researchers interested in human and animal nutrition.

Protein Deposition in Animals explores the factors controlling protein deposition in farm animals including fish, poultry, and ruminants. Topics covered range from protein biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells and protein metabolism in intact animals to whole-body amino acid metabolism, synthesis of egg proteins, and metabolism of the fetus. The energy costs of protein metabolism, dietary constraints on nitrogen retention, and metabolism in muscle are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the factors that influence protein production by animals. This book is comprised of 15 chapters; the first of which explains some fundamental aspects of protein synthesis, followed by a topic of the molecular control of protein breakdown. Two chapters then consider the measurement of whole-body protein metabolism and the integration of the metabolism of individual organs with the rest of the animal. Two 'tissues', the muscle and the fetus, are singled out for detailed analysis in subsequent chapters, while another chapter describes the synthesis of egg proteins. The factors that influence overall nitrogen retention by the animals are also examined, along with the energy costs of protein deposition, hormonal influences on protein deposition, and the use of anabolic agents to manipulate growth. Two chapters, one on poultry and the other on ruminants, are concerned with predicting rates of protein deposition. This text concludes by discussing the protein metabolism in fish. This book will be of interest to scientists working in the fields of applied biochemistry, animal nutrition and physiology, physiology, and agriculture.

Exercise by itself tears down the body. To rebuild that body so that it expresses greater strength, endurance, and speed, requires sound nutritional practices based on fact rather than fad. Those practices must also recognize that specific needs vary greatly according to age, gender, and intensity of exercise. Sports Nutrition: Energy Metabo