The history of the Nusantara kingdoms refers to the past when the Indonesian region was governed by various kingdoms with diverse cultures, languages, and customs. The history of the Nusantara kingdoms spans from prehistoric times to the period of European colonization and ultimately the independence of Indonesia. Within the history of the Nusantara kingdoms, there are many stories of the struggles and triumphs of kings, trade, competition, and conflicts with other nations. The history of the Nusantara kingdoms also showcases the cultural richness and heritage that continues to influence the present. Therefore, the history of the Nusantara kingdoms is crucial to be studied and appreciated as a part of Indonesia's rich and diverse history.

The history of the Nusantara Kingdoms encompasses a long and complex period from the past in Indonesia. These kingdoms were centers of power with extensive territories and authority over their people. This history also includes a period when Indonesia was colonized by European powers, which had a significant impact on the development of kingdoms in the Nusantara region. The Nusantara Kingdoms showcase a rich cultural diversity and serve as evidence of Indonesia's past civilization's glory. Through this book, we will delve deeper into the history of the kingdoms in Nusantara and their role in shaping Indonesia's national identity.

The Nusantara Kingdoms refer to a network of kingdoms that once ruled the Indonesian archipelago before the colonial period. The history of the Nusantara Kingdoms dates back to the 4th century AD, when the Indonesian archipelago became a crucial trading center in Southeast Asia. The Nusantara Kingdoms had varied characteristics depending on their geographical location, religion, culture, and relationships with other kingdoms. The glory of the Nusantara Kingdoms also influenced the development of arts, architecture, and literature in the Indonesian region. In this book, we will delve further into the history of the Nusantara Kingdoms and their cultural heritage that is still visible today.

Indonesia has numerous national heroes who have made significant contributions to the struggle for the country's independence. One region that has produced many heroes is Java, an island located in the central part of Indonesia. National heroes from Java have played a crucial role in the Indonesian independence movement and various aspects of life in present-day Indonesia. This book will discuss several national hero figures from Java who have made substantial contributions to the struggle of the Indonesian nation.

National heroes from Java are figures who played significant roles in the struggle for Indonesia's independence and the advancement of the nation. They are individuals who courageously took steps to confront colonizers and fought for the rights of the Indonesian people. These national heroes from Java also contributed to the progress of education and culture in Indonesia, as well as advocated for the social and economic rights of the people. This book will discuss several national hero figures from Java who have made substantial contributions to the struggle of the Indonesian nation.

This book deals with the various interdisciplinary issues of the Indian Ocean, individually and collectively, such as its history, geography, nautical elements, economics, trade routes (old and new), blue economy, deep-sea mining, fisheries management, tourism, scourge of piracy, pollution, Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982), and the different perspectives of its littoral countries on geopolitics, international law, international relations and maritime partnerships. It is the most important ocean in the world – 33% of the global population lives in the area and 50-60% of the world’s maritime trade transits through it. In addition, around 60% of global oil, and 26% of global gas reserves, along with pristine beaches are located here. To comprehend the interdisciplinary issues, the editor embarked on a voyage to discover, persuade and collaborate with exceptionally brilliant, influential experts from prominent littoral countries – India, Indonesia, Iran, South Africa, Malaysia and Singapore – with relevant experience to expound the above subject areas. In addition, geopolitical conflicts/hostilities and trade wars are on the rise; war seems inevitable but not imminent. Any conflict is likely to originate in other oceans and seas but will end up impacting the Indian Ocean’s littoral countries. Accordingly, these countries must comprehend the interdisciplinary issues and the special role of the Indian Ocean to prevent all-encompassing wars/hostilities from widening at a global level and thereafter must flesh out plans to shield themselves. They must also understand the area’s role in working towards global peace by comprehending the above interdisciplinary issues. The role of the Indian Ocean in global peace can only be achieved through maritime partnerships between its littoral countries, and their avoidance of impulses to invite outside power(s) to balance each other’s power. However, maritime partnerships are easier said than done. At the very least, the maritime partnership between two major Indian Ocean littoral powers – India and Indonesia – is critical to shield the region from geopolitical firestorms. Hopefully, this maritime partnership’s tactic of embracing a carrot-and-stick approach will eventually persuade global powers from outside the Indian Ocean region to improve their conduct to achieve global peace.

First published in 1998. Including a wide range of information and recommended for academic libraries, this encyclopedia covers historiography and historians from around the world and will be a useful reference to students, researchers, scholars, librarians and the general public who are interested in the writing of history. Volume II covers entries from K to Z.