Plant embryology, dealing with the regularities of initiation and the first stages of development of an organism, is now flourishing because of the overall progress being made in natural sciences. Such discoveries of the 20th century as production of plants from a single somatic cell, experimental haploidy, and parasexual hybridization were of general biological significance. The combined efforts of embryologists, geneticists and molecular biologists yielded the discovery of specific genes that control meiosis, egg cell development and early stages of embryogenesis. The tendency to synthesize data of embryology and genetics has become increasingly noticeable. It is connected with the fact that the majority of problems connected with morphogenesis, such as differentiation, specialization, the evaluation of features and the definition of the notionsgene and feature andgenotype and phenotype concern embryology and genetics (embryogenetics) in one way or another. Evolutionary embryology has given rise to a new approach to the study of problems of adaptation in plants. In connection with the problem of preserving biological diversity under conditions of ecological stress, special attention is paid to ecological embryology, revealing the critical periods in early ontogenesis and plasticity and tolerance of reproductive systems at the level of species and population. The study of variability of morphogenesis and phenotype in population (life cycle variations and the diversity of reproductive systems) is the most important point in the population embryology of plants.

This volume covers up-to-date notions of seed structure, processes resulting to its formation (syngamy, triple fusion etc.), as well as of postseminal development (seed dormancy and germination). Great attention has been paid to the morphological and functional aspects of fertilization process and embryo- and endospermogenesis.

The book is divided into three parts: Flower, Anther, and Ovule. The principal aim of this volume (along with the other 3 volumes in the series) is to summarize the classical and current concepts about flower generative organs, their structure and development, and about seed formation processes. The book contains ample material that can be employed

Drawing on the combined efforts of embryologists, geneticists, and molecular biologists, this third volume studies the variability of morphogenesis and phenotype in population. It pays particular attention to ecological embryology, revealing the critical periods in early ontogenesis as well as plasticity and tolerance of reproductive systems at the level of species and population. Highlighting the preservation of species diversity under conditions of ecological stress, it examines problems connected with morphogenesis, such as differentiation, specialization, and evaluation of features and considers the definition of the notions of "gene and feature" and "genotype and phenotype".

The book is divided into three parts: Flower, Anther, and Ovule. The principal aim of this volume (along with the other 3 volumes in the series) is to summarize the classical and current concepts about flower generative organs, their structure and development, and about seed formation processes. The book contains ample material that can be employed in theoretical generalizations, in analyzing the distribution of features (or their uniqueness) and evolutionary transformations of structures. This offers vast possibilities for revising the existing and developing new classifications and concepts.