Il y a dix ans à peine, la simulation n'était utilisée qu'en dernier recours. Force est de constater qu'aujourd'hui elle a pris le pas sur les autres techniques d'évaluation de systèmes. L'étude présentée concerne la simulation à événements discrets (SED) dont les outils sont de plus en plus sophistiqués avec, notamment, l'apparition d'environnements de SED. L'objet de cette thèse est de fournir une contribution à la spécification d'un environnement de SED. Il s'agit, en premier lieu, de cerner ses orientations et de dresser la liste des exigences qu'il doit satisfaire. Un deuxième travail consiste à caractériser le profil d'une méthode de modélisation pour la SED dont l'application conduit à plusieurs abstractions du système étudié, et notamment une description de son comportement basée sur le formalisme des Statecharts. La principale contribution de cette étude est de fournir une spécification formelle d'une méthode de traduction automatique d'un modèle comportemental en un modèle exécutable. La méthode proposée généralise l'expression de la traduction d'un sous-ensemble des Statecharts en code VHDL. Elle présente des avantages certains par rapport aux outils déjà existants, comme celui d'être clairement reproductible et facilement adaptable en machine, contrairement aux traducteurs commerciaux qui ne dévoilent pas leurs solutions techniques ; en outre, c'est une méthode formelle au sens où l'on sait établir qu'un Statechart est dans l'ensemble des “traduisibles” ; à chacun d'eux, on associe un code unique, dont le calcul est explicite. D'autres avantages majeurs sont inhérents à la technique de traduction qui respecte totalement la structure originelle du modèle et permet de générer un code modulaire, générique, réutilisable et hiérarchique. De plus, la hiérarchie ainsi respectée permet de conserver tout le potentiel de parallélisation du modèle originel.

This book gives a comprehensive view of the most recent major international research in the field of tolerancing, and is an excellent resource for anyone interested in Computer Aided Tolerating. It is organized into 4 parts. Part 1 focuses on the more general problems of tolerance analysis and synthesis, for tolerancing in mechanical design and manufacturing processes. Part 2 specifically highlights the simulation of assembly with defects, and the influence of tolerances on the quality of the assembly. Part 3 deals with measurement aspects, and quality control throughout the life cycle. Different measurement technologies and methods for estimating uncertainty are considered. In Part 4, different aspects of tolerancing and their interactions are explored, from the definition of functional requirement to measurement processes in a PLM approach.

A comprehensive guide to computer assisted exercises Readers can turn to this indispensable reference guide for comprehensive and lucid coverage of the operational, technical, and organizational knowledge needed to harness successful and constructive computer assisted exercises (CAX) and war games. It is geared also toward large civilian organizations that are looking to teach and test their strategies and procedures without the added cost of manpower. Divided into two clear parts, the book covers: Fundamentals and Theory—conflict and warfare; probability and statistics; simulation; distributed simulation; and experimentation and analysis Combat Modeling, Computer Assisted Exercises, and Practice—CAX architectures; CAX process; combat modeling; CAX support tools; communications/information system issues, technical risks, and risk miti-gation; and exercise centers and facilities Computer Assisted Exercises and Training: A Reference Guide is indispensable reading for research engineers, computer scientists, software engineers working with modeling and simulation, homeland security specialists, staff in simulation training centers, military strategists and commanders, and many others. It also serves as a valuable textbook for modeling and simulation courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels.

Development of environmentally friendly products gains an increasing - portance in science and in industry. While product development was strongly dedicated to achieve quality, cost and time targets, environmental issues indirectly had always been under consideration by engineers, see Fig. 1. Furthermore a methodology for the development of environm- tally sound products was missing. Despite of significant progress in using computer aided tools for product development and design, environmental aspects were attended. Computer aided tools typically do not include methods for considering environmental issues enabling the designer to - sess a product’s environmental effects. Fig. 1. Vision of Environment as a key target for product development v vi Preface Product related environmental issues are getting more and more political and public awareness. Development of environmentally friendly products has become an action item for both, politics and industry (UNFCCC 1997). Energy consumption is on the agenda and covers pollution and resource saving. Typical topics of directives of the European Union are waste, noise, air pollution, water, nature and biodiversity, soil protection, civil protection and climate change. After the translation into national law the development of environmentally friendly products is a basic approach to contribute to the fulfilment of the topics mentioned above. In the European Community a “Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament” on “Integrated Product Policy” was adopted on th 18 June 2003 (EC 2003).

Increasingly used to analyze and manage marine and coastal zones, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provide a powerful set of tools for integrating and processing spatial information. These technologies are increasingly used in the management and analysis of the coastal zone. Supplying the guidance necessary to use these tools, GIS for Coastal