This book presents the concept of fractional dimensional space applied to the use of electromagnetic fields and waves. It provides demonstrates the advantages in studying the behavior of electromagnetic fields and waves in fractal media. The book presents novel fractional space generalization of the differential electromagnetic equations is provided as well as a new form of vector differential operators is formulated in fractional space. Using these modified vector differential operators, the classical Maxwell's electromagnetic equations are worked out. The Laplace's, Poisson's and Helmholtz's equations in fractional space are derived by using modified vector differential operators.

This book presents a concise and insightful view of the knowledge on fractional-order electrical circuits, which belongs to the subject of Electric Engineering and involves mathematics of fractional calculus. It offers an overview of fractional calculus and then describes and analyzes the basic theories and properties of fractional-order elements and fractional-order electrical circuit composed of fractional-order elements. Therein, the fundamental theorems, time-domain analysis, steady-state analysis, complex frequency domain analysis and state variable analysis of fractional-order electrical circuit are included. The fractional-order two-port networks and generalized fractional-order linear electrical circuits are also mentioned. Therefore, this book provides readers with enough background and understanding to go deeper into the topic of fractional-order electrical circuit, so that it is useful as a textbook for courses related to fractional-order elements, fractional-order electrical circuits, etc. This book is intended for students without an extensive mathematical background and is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, engineers and researchers who focus on the fractional-order elements, electrical circuits and systems.

Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the seventh volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Soft Tissues Mechanics Natural Materials & Bio-Inspiration Tissue Engineering Cells Mechanics

The history of describing natural objects using geometry is as old as the advent of science itself, in which traditional shapes are the basis of our intuitive understanding of geometry. However, nature is not restricted to such Euclidean objects which are only characterized typically by integer dimensions. Hence, the conventional geometric approach cannot meet the requirements of solving or analysing nonlinear problems which are related with natural phenomena, therefore, the fractal theory has been born, which aims to understand complexity and provide an innovative way to recognize irregularity and complex systems. Although the concepts of fractal geometry have found wide applications in many forefront areas of science, engineering and societal issues, they also have interesting implications of a more practical nature for the older classical areas of science. Since its discovery, there has been a surge of research activities in using this powerful concept in almost every branch of scientific disciplines to gain deep insights into many unresolved problems. This book includes eight chapters which focus on gathering cutting-edge research and proposing application of fractals features in both traditional scientific disciplines and in applied fields.

This book is about algebraic and differential methods, as well as fractional calculus, applied to diagnose and reject faults in nonlinear systems, which are of integer or fractional order. This represents an extension of a very important and widely studied problem in control theory, namely fault diagnosis and rejection (using differential algebraic approaches), to systems presenting fractional dynamics, i.e. systems whose dynamics are represented by derivatives and integrals of non-integer order. The authors offer a thorough overview devoted to fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control applied to fractional-order and integer-order dynamical systems, and they introduce new methodologies for control and observation described by fractional and integer models, together with successful simulations and real-time applications. The basic concepts and tools of mathematics required to understand the methodologies proposed are all clearly introduced and explained. Consequently, the book is useful as supplementary reading in courses of applied mathematics and nonlinear control theory. This book is meant for engineers, mathematicians, physicists and, in general, to researchers and postgraduate students in diverse areas who have a minimum knowledge of calculus. It also contains advanced topics for researchers and professionals interested in the area of states and faults estimation.

This multi-volume handbook is the most up-to-date and comprehensive reference work in the field of fractional calculus and its numerous applications. This first volume collects authoritative chapters covering the mathematical theory of fractional calculus, including fractional-order operators, integral transforms and equations, special functions, calculus of variations, and probabilistic and other aspects.

Backscattering and RF Sensing for Future Wireless Communication Discover what lies ahead in wireless communication networks with this insightful and forward-thinking book written by experts in the field Backscattering and RF Sensing for Future Wireless Communication delivers a concise and insightful picture of emerging and future trends in increasing the efficiency and performance of wireless communication networks. The book shows how the immense challenge of frequency saturation could be met via the deployment of intelligent planar electromagnetic structures. It provides an in-depth coverage of the fundamental physics behind these structures and assesses the enhancement of the performance of a communication network in challenging environments, like densely populated urban centers. The distinguished editors have included resources from a variety of leading voices in the field who discuss topics such as the engineering of metasurfaces at a large scale, the electromagnetic analysis of planar metasurfaces, and low-cost and reliable backscatter communication. All of the included works focus on the facilitation of the development of intelligent systems designed to enhance communication network performance. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the evolution of wireless communication networks over the last thirty years, including the imminent saturation of the frequency spectrum An exploration of state-of-the-art techniques that next-generation wireless networks will likely incorporate, including software-controlled frameworks involving artificial intelligence An examination of the scattering of electromagnetic waves by metasurfaces, including how wave propagation differs from traditional bulk materials A treatment of the evolution of artificial intelligence in wireless communications Perfect for researchers in wireless communications, electromagnetics, and urban planning, Backscattering and RF Sensing for Future Wireless Communication will also earn a place in the libraries of government policy makers, technologists, and telecom industry stakeholders who wish to get a head start on understanding the technologies that will enable tomorrow’s wireless communications.