Past studies on the relationship between electricity consumption and temperature have primarily focused on individual countries. Many regions are understudied as a result of data constraint. This paper studies the relationship on a global scale, overcoming the data constraint by using grid-level night light and temperature data. Mostly generated by electricity and recorded by satellites, night light has a strong linear relationship with electricity consumption and is correlated with both its extensive and intensive margins. Using night light as a proxy for electricity consumption at the grid level, we find: (1) there is a U-shaped relationship between electricity consumption and temperature; (2) the critical point of temperature for minimum electricity consumption is around 14.6°C for the world and it is higher in urban and more industrial areas; and (3) the impact of temperature on electricity consumption is persistent. Sub-Saharan African countries, while facing a large electricity deficit already, are particularly vulnerable to climate change: a 1°C increase in temperature is estimated to increase their electricity demand by 6.7% on average.

Climate changes are among of the factors which affect on consuming behavior; so bring changes in load of the network. Meanwhile temperature is the most important factor; that is because of the use of heating and cooling devices in large scale. With no doubt, Fars province with its unique diversity of climate is one of the best options for doing a research. In this book, we calculate the amount of load dependence to air temperature with counting correlation coefficient of load and temperature. In this book, which includes four chapters all elements which are related to climate changes in Fars province are elaborated, thus a great amount of information is presented to the readers.

Power generation is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, and is in turn likely to be heavily affected by climate change. Earlier analyses have shown that in Southern Europe, including Italy, there is a V-shaped relationship between temperature and electricity usage. Higher temperatures were found to lead to sharp increases in electricity usage. But those analyses were based on electricity delivered to all sectors (residential, commercial, and industrial), and cooling demand is likely to be driven primarily by the latter two. In this paper, we use hourly electricity demand from a sample of Italian residences over a full year to examine how sensitive residential demand is to temperature. Our regression model includes a rich set of household-by-time fixed effects to control for dwelling characteristics and equipment, family composition, work and business schedules, demand for lighting, and seasonal habits other than temperature. We find that demand stays within a relatively narrow range (and is thus relatively flat) up to temperatures of about 23° C, and increases sharply with temperature thereafter. We perform various checks to see if this shape varies across market zones, household income, and ownership of electrical appliance. We find that temperature accounts for a very small share of daily electricity demand. Only on exceptionally hot summer days (as in an exercise where we “assign” to the sample the same temperature as in one of the hottest summers on record, that of 2003) can temperature account for 12% of hourly electricity use.