El propósito de este libro es reafirmar la prioridad de la búsqueda de las leyes en la ciencia del hombre; y la clave de su argumento es que el principio básico de la evolución sociocultural, conocido ya desde el arranque mismo de la antropología, es el determinismo tecnoecológico y tecnoeconómico: tecnologías similares aplicadas a medios similares tienden a dar origen a una organización del trabajo similar, y ésta a su vez a agrupamientos sociales de tipo similar, que justifican y coordinan sus actividades recurriendo a sistemas similares de valores y creencias. Una estrategia de investigación adecuada a este principio tendrá, pues, que conceder prioridad al estudio de las condiciones materiales de la vida sociocultural. En defensa de esta estrategia, que llama “materialismo cultural”, Marvin Harris hace una historia crítica -no un inventario, ni un compendio- del desarrollo de las teorías antropológicas de la cultura, con ánimo de probar que los antropólogos no han aplicado nunca de un modo consecuente el principio del determinismo tecnoecológico y tecnoeconómico, a pesar de lo cual han contribuido poderosamente a desacreditar esa opción que ellos nunca eligieron. Tal relegación de la estrategia del materialismo cultural es el resultado no de un programa razonable de investigación orientado de distinto modo, sino de las presiones encubiertas del medio sociocultural en el que la antropología ha conseguido verse reconocida como disciplina independiente. Marvin Harris, profesor de antropología en la Columbia University, es bien conocido en los medios académicos por sus artículos y libros. Realizó trabajos de campo en Brasil, Ecuador y Mozambique.

This edited volume presents, for the first time, a history of anthropology regarding not only the well-known European and American traditions, but also lesser-known traditions, extending its scope beyond the Western world. It focuses on the results of these traditions in the present. Taking into account the distinction between empire-building and nation-building anthropology, introduced by G. Stocking and taken up by U. Hannerz, the book investigates different histories of anthropology, especially in ex-colonial and marginal contexts. It highlights how the hegemonic anthropologies have been accepted and assimilated in local contexts, which approaches have been privileged by institutions and academies in different locations, how the anthropological approach has been modelled and adapted according to specific knowledge requirements related to the cultural features of different areas, and which schools emerge as the most consolidated today. Each chapter presents a “cultural history” of one of the historical-cultural and geo-political contexts that influenced and produced the specific disciplinary traditions. The chapters highlight the local contributions to the discipline, the influences that the world centres have on the peripheries, but also the ways in which the peripheries have “learned from the centres” in order to re-elaborate meaningful or otherwise recognisable disciplinary lines.

The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology provides a current and comprehensive guide to the recent and on-going archaeology of Mesoamerica. Though the emphasis is on prehispanic societies, this Handbook also includes coverage of important new work by archaeologists on the Colonial and Republican periods. Unique among recent works, the text brings together in a single volume article-length regional syntheses and topical overviews written by active scholars in the field of Mesoamerican archaeology. The first section of the Handbook provides an overview of recent history and trends of Mesoamerica and articles on national archaeology programs and practice in Central America and Mexico written by archaeologists from these countries. These are followed regional syntheses organized by time period, beginning with early hunter-gatherer societies and the first farmers of Mesoamerica and concluding with a discussion of the Spanish Conquest and frontiers and peripheries of Mesoamerica. Topical and comparative articles comprise the remainder of Handbook. They cover important dimensions of prehispanic societies—from ecology, economy, and environment to social and political relations—and discuss significant methodological contributions, such as geo-chemical source studies, as well as new theories and diverse theoretical perspectives. The Handbook concludes with a section on the archaeology of the Spanish conquest and the Colonial and Republican periods to connect the prehispanic, proto-historic, and historic periods. This volume will be a must-read for students and professional archaeologists, as well as other scholars including historians, art historians, geographers, and ethnographers with an interest in Mesoamerica.

This book is a elaborated research about one of the most important Anthropologist in the history of the discipline, who initialized the modern Anthropology: Bronislaw Malinowski. This Social Scientist, with his methodological innovations, became one of the proponents of the 20th century transformation of speculative anthropology into the modern Science of Humanity and the master who trained an entire generation of anthropologists whose studies and theories dominated the academic world until the second half of the 20th century.