In memoriam Gérard Gayot. Las asociaciones de Historia Económica española y francesa constituyeron en 2006 un comité encargado de celebrar encuentros periódicos que fomentaran el intercambio de ideas y métodos, la creación de redes de investigación y los estudios de historia comparada. El comité organizó un coloquio sobre "Niveles de vida en España y Francia (siglos XVIII al XX)" que se celebró en 2008 en Aix-en-Provence con la colaboración de la UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) TELEMME (Université de Provence-CNRS). Este libro reúne las 15 ponencias presentadas y está dedicado a la memoria de Gérard Gayot, presidente de la asociación francesa y miembro del comité, que falleció poco después del coloquio. Las ponencias están escritas por especialistas españoles y franceses y abarcan el período fines del Antiguo Régimen - fines del siglo XX desde múltiples perspectivas: salarios (Moreno Lázaro y Ventoso); consumo (Cussó y Daumas); mortalidad (Nicolau); estatura (García Montero, Martínez Carrión y Puche Gil, Heyberger); coste de la vida (Maluquer de Motes); crédito (Effose); distribución de la renta (Gayot y Kasdi, Buti); influencia de las instituciones y estructuras agrarias en el bienestar campesino (Pérez Picazo); papel de las divisas francesas en el crecimiento económico de España entre 1960 y 1975 (Sánchez Sánchez); análisis de la evolución del nivel de vida "cruzando" varios indicadores (Escudero y Simón) y también una aproximación teórica a la cuantificación de la desigualdad basada en la hipótesis de que es producto de convenciones y, por consiguiente, mensurable desde otras alternativas a la visión del economista (Kampelmann). Los editores del libro esperamos que contribuya a un mejor conocimiento de las diferencias de bienestar que han existido entre España y Francia y que resulte útil no sólo a los profesionales de la Historia, sino a estudiantes universitarios de Historia, Economía y otras ciencias sociales así como al público culto en general. Gérard Chastagaret es catedrático de Historia en la universidad de Provence (Aix- Marseille) ; Jean Claude Daumas es catedrático de Historia en la universidad de Franche-Comté; Antonio Escudero es catedrático de Historia Económica en la universidad de Alicante y Olivier Raveux es investigador del Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS).

Perhaps more than any other European country, Spain has undergone a remarkable transformation in the post-war period. To the surprise of many, it has succeeded in making the leap from a predominantly agricultural and politically repressed country, to a modern European democracy with a diversified economy containing important manufacturing and service sectors. Yet, despite the fact that at the beginning of the twenty-first century Spain is the world's eighth largest economy, old stereotypes that see the Iberian nation as an inflexible, unchanging society, persist. As such, scholars will welcome this new study which challenges the picaresque and outdated notions of Spanish economic development, replacing them with a picture of rapid and profound modernization. Building upon the recent work of historians and economists, the authors provide a thoughtful and compelling overview of the subject that clearly elucidates both the positive and negative aspects of modern Spanish development. Thus, as well as charting the undoubted successes achieved, persistent problems - most notably high unemployment - are also explored. Written in a straightforward and engaging manner, this book engages with research from a wide variety of disciplines, and will be of interest to anyone with a specific interest in modern Spain, or a wider interest in economic development within the framework of the European Union.

Perhaps more than any other European country, Spain has undergone a remarkable transformation in the post-war period. To the surprise of many, it has succeeded in making the leap from a predominantly agricultural and politically repressed country, to a modern European democracy with a diversified economy containing important manufacturing and service sectors. Yet, despite the fact that at the beginning of the twenty-first century Spain is the world's eighth largest economy, old stereotypes that see the Iberian nation as an inflexible, unchanging society, persist. As such, scholars will welcome this new study which challenges the picaresque and outdated notions of Spanish economic development, replacing them with a picture of rapid and profound modernization. Building upon the recent work of historians and economists, the authors provide a thoughtful and compelling overview of the subject that clearly elucidates both the positive and negative aspects of modern Spanish development. Thus, as well as charting the undoubted successes achieved, persistent problems - most notably high unemployment - are also explored. Written in a straightforward and engaging manner, this book engages with research from a wide variety of disciplines, and will be of interest to anyone with a specific interest in modern Spain, or a wider interest in economic development within the framework of the European Union.

Lessons can be learnt from the past; from time to time it is useful for practitioners to look back over the historical developments of their science. Hydrogeology has developed from humble beginnings into the broad church of investigatory procedures which collectively form the modern-day hydrogeologist’s tool box. Hydrogeology remains a branch of the over-arching science of geology and today provides analysis of the sub-surface part of the water cycle within a holistic approach to problem solving. The History of Hydrogeology, is a first attempt to bring the story of the evolution of the science of hydrogeology together from a country- or region-specific viewpoint. It does not cover history to the present day, nor does it deal with all countries involved in groundwater studies, but rather takes the story for specific key countries up and until about the period 1975 to 1980. This is when hydrogeology was still evolving and developing, and in some areas doing so quite rapidly. The book has been written not only for practitioners of hydrogeology and hydrology but also for teachers and students to see the context of the evolution of the science around the globe. The History of Hydrogeology will also be of interest to science historians and all those interested in the role that individuals, institutes and nations have played over the years in defining modern day studies of groundwater.

Esta obra presenta al estudiante los temas necesarios para superar el ejercicio sobre Historia de España que establezcan las universidades para la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad para personas mayores de 25 años. Se ha estructurado el libro en 3 partes, siendo la primera un tema introductorio en el que se establece un resumen de la Historia de España hasta comienzos del siglo XIX. La segunda parte del libro se compone de 12 temas en los que se desarrollan, con rigor técnico y científico, los contenidos necesarios para poder superar la prueba de acceso En cada tema hemos incluido un conjunto de actividades que te ayudarán en el estudio, con definiciones, preguntas a desarrollar y comentarios de texto, propuestos en pruebas de acceso anteriores. Considerando que en algunos exámenes de Historia de España se han incluido comentarios de texto, en la última parte te damos las pautas necesarias para su correcta elaboración. Le agradecemos la adquisición de ésta obra y confiamos que le será de gran utilidad.