The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, has been steadily increasing in the United States and worldwide. Increased body mass is associated with an increased incidence of a wide range of medical problems affecting virtually every organ system. Each five-point increase in BMI over 25 kg/m2 is associated with a 30% increase in mortality. Furthermore, obesity also significantly affects quality of life, social functioning, and monetary health. The management of obesity is complex, often requiring an amalgamation of medical, dietary and psychological regimens to successfully tackle this multidimensional disease. Respectively, bariatric surgery has been utilized as a modality to manage morbid obesity and meta-analyses have demonstrated the efficacy of bariatric surgery in treating severe obesity and its associated co-morbidities. An effect of this high utility benefit is reflected in an exponential increase in the the number of bariatric operations performed in the United States (an 804 percent increase from 1998 to 2004. Hence, there are thousands of individuals yearly who have undergone or are undergoing bariatric surgery to manage morbid obesity. This book, is intended to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the management of the bariatric surgical patient. All of the contributors have been carefully selected as they each represent key opinion leaders in their own specific discipline regarding the assessment of the bariatric patient and we hope that all the readers will get as much enjoyment in reading their contributions as we have had in preparing this seminal work.

In this book, the authors discuss the stages, mechanisms and clinical outcomes of embryo development. Topics include chick embryogenesis as a unique platform to study the effects of environmental factors on embryo development; molecular and cellular aspects of blastocyst dormancy and reactivation for implantation; limb development and the emergence and function of the apical ectodermal ridge; and the use of time lapse photography in an in vitro fertilization program for better selection of embryo transfer.

What does Moroccan culture mean to a group of Moroccan academics at this decisive conjuncture and turning point of the 21st century characterized by the advent and the shaking impact of the Arab Spring? How does culture, broken down in terms of intergenerational values, cultural identity related to language, language behaviour, socio-political debate, the meaning of space and place, and the meaning of ancient festivals fare in todays Moroccan socio-cultural and socio-political contexts? This book tackles the above themes and discusses them using in-depth analysis and investigation.

Congress, through the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), provides a variety of benefits and services to veterans and to certain members of their families. These benefits include disability compensation and pensions, education benefits, survivor benefits, medical treatment, life insurance, vocational rehabilitation, and burial and memorial benefits. In order to receive these benefits, a veteran (or an eligible family member) must apply for them by submitting the necessary information to a local VA office. The local VA office will make an initial determination on the application for benefits. Any veteran who is not satisfied with the local VA's determination is permitted to appeal the decision. This book provides a step-by-step breakdown of the appeal process for veterans' claims.

Global Public Health Policy is a book that collects as many current issues as possible on what is happening globally in public health, medicine, and public administration related to health policy. The co-editors structured the book to leave the specific themes relatively open while allowing for an overall theme of globalization of health problems so that contributors could offer their perception and reflect their thoughts on current health issues in the widest possible perspective without being rigidly constrained. One undercurrent theme throughout the book is the co-editors shared concern for the necessity to forge a stronger cross-walk relationship between public administration and public health in many countries including the established developed countries. It is too often a reality that the two disciplines exist in relatively cocooned silos both at the academic level and at the operational level where they must both operate effectively to ensure the best service to society particularly in time of crisis when it is too late to forge these working relationships.

Industrial pollution is the largest fountain of air offences in most of the developed world. Statistics from the US Environmental Agency confirm that more than half of the nations total pollution is courtesy of industry. What's more, six out of every ten people in the United States live in urban areas and are currently inhaling these bi-products. Quintessential to this end, is prevention through education; the goal of this publication.

The authors' of this book discuss the most recent advances in neuroscience research. The chapters include updated information on clinical and technical implementation of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in stroke imaging; association between word display and executive functioning; the connectivity between the cerebellum and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG); the identification and validation of EEG, MRI and SPECT biomarkers for diagnosing, monitoring progression and predicting the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD); an examination of the leptin receptor, a drive of adult neurogenesis that may treat Alzheimer's disease; the language of neurons and their clinical applications such as in deep brain stimulation; the use of folic acid and its intake by pregnant women to support both physiological changes in the mother and the optimal growth and development of the fetus and offspring; examples of the continuum of shapes and sizes of different dendritic spines, from simple to complex, observed in the human brain; an examination of spastic diplegia, the most common form of cerebral palsy; and the identification of new mechanisms of pharmacological effects of certain neurotropic peptides.