The author examines the extent to which the United Kingdom (UK) has transitioned to effects-based operations to ascertain: (1) Areas where the U.S. Army could draw lessons from UK policies; (2) Areas where the U.S. Army and the British Ministry of Defence could develop integrated or complementary approaches and doctrines towards transformation for future alliance/coalition operations; and (3) Implications for the U.S. Army for working with the UK. This monograph is subdivided into four parts. Section 1 is a review of the evolution of British defence policy since the end of the Cold War and evaluates the degree to which it has adopted an effects based approach. Section 2 examines the British operational experience since the end of the Cold War including an analysis of the lessons learned and its experiences of working with allies. Section 3 analyses the UK's capability development through its doctrine and acquisition strategies. Section 4 evaluates the implications of these findings for the U.S. Army and makes 17 main recommendations.

Smallholder farmers and pastoralists fulfil an invaluable yet undervalued role in conserving biodiversity. They act as guardians of locally adapted livestock breeds that can make use of even marginal environments under tough climatic conditions and therefore are a crucial resource for food security. But in addition, by sustaining animals on natural vegetation and as part of local ecosystems, these communities also make a significant contribution to the conservation of wild biodiversity and of cultural landscapes. This publication provides a glimpse into the often intricate knowledge systems that pastoralists and smallholder farmers have developed for the management of their breeds in specific production systems and it also describes the multitude of threats and challenges these often marginalized communities have to cope with.

The authors aim to assist the U.S. Army in understanding "influence operations," capabilities that may allow the United States to effectively influence the attitudes and behavior of particular foreign audiences while minimizing or avoiding combat. The book identifies approaches, methodologies, and tools that may be useful in planning, executing, and assessing influence operations.

Witnesses: Robert Gates, Sec. of Def., and Tina Jonas, Under Sec. of Defense-Comptroller; Michael Mullen, Chmn, Joint Chiefs of Staff; Preston Geren, Sec. of the Army; George Casey, Chief of Staff, Army; Donald Winter, Sec. of the Navy; Gary Roughead, Chief of Naval Oper.; James Conway, USMC, Commandant of the Marine Corps; William Fallon, U.S. Central Command; Eric Olson, Commander, U.S. Special Oper. Command; Michael Wynne, Sec. of the Air Force; Michael Moseley, U.S. Air Force; Victor Renuart, Jr., N. Amer. Aerospace Defense Command; James Stavridis, Commander, U.S. Southern Command; Timothy Keating, Commander, U.S. Pacific Command; Burwell Bell, III, U.N. Command and Commander, U.S. Forces Korea. Illus.