Contents: Introduction, The Meaning Opening: Aims and Organisation, The Context: Do the Objectives and Functions of Secondary Education Need to be Redefined in the Twenty-first Century? The Themes: Major Dilemmas Secondary Education is or will be facing, Identification of Resources and Strategies to Respond to the New Objectives and Functioning of Secondary Education and to Manage the Themes or Dilemmas, Conclusion, Executive Summary: Meeting Agreements.

Contents: Part 1 Reform of Secondary Education Introduction: Context, Conference Aims and Organisation, Conference Themes, Comparison of Outcomes from UNESCO Reports from Beijing, Beirut, Bangkok, and Mauritius with the Outcomes of the Muscat National and International Conferences, The Need for Balance, Conclusion: Recommendations for Reforming Secondary Education. Part 2 Secondary Education Reform and Youth Affairs Introduction and Background, Opening Session, Progress Reports, Round Table Presentations and Discussion, Round Table Themes, Conclusions and Outcomes of the Meeting, Future of the Consultative Group. Part 3 General Secondary School Education in the 21st Century General Secondary Education in the Twenty-First Century; Trends, Challenges and Priorities, Meeting Agreements of the UNESCO International Expert Meeting on General Secondary Education in the 21st Century.

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This book brings together academics and postgraduate students, practitioners and Ministry officials all of whom are wedded to developing an understanding of what is happening to education in the broader Middle East. They cover many countries whilst recognising that many more could have been included. In drawing attention to education in Pakistan, Palestine, Oman, Turkey and Qatar they indicate the wide range of education 'policy borrowing' and, most importantly, the effects of this exchange. The contributors know that the countries of the broader Middle East are not alone in having purchased glitzy, glossy and tantalisingly wonderful educational reforms, only to find how quickly they became outdated. In other words, they became a 'baroque arsenal' of educational goods, services and models of practice which, having been discussed, designed and generated many years before in countries elsewhere, have then been sold and delivered to the unsuspecting countries of the broader Middle East. It is argued that many of the countries of the region did not suspect that their purchases were, more frequently than not, the 'off-loading' of failed educational experiments in countries of 'the centre'. This book discusses what this means not only for educational reform projects but also for the impact upon regional political stability. The two final chapters discuss the underlying key concerns of gender and of cross-border education.

Educators continue to strive for advanced teaching methods to bridge the gap between native and non-native English speaking students. Lessons on written forms of communication continue to be a challenge recognized by educators who wish to improve student comprehension and overall ability to write clearly and expressively. Methodologies for Effective Writing Instruction in EFL and ESL Classrooms brings together research and practices for successful written communication teaching among students of diverse linguistic backgrounds. With technological advancements and resources, educators are able to implement new tools into their lesson plans for the benefit of their students. This publication is an essential reference source for professionals, educators, and researchers interested in techniques and practices for written communication in English language teaching geared towards non-native English speaking students.