These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 3rd European Conference on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (ECIAIR 2021), hosted by ACI and Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal on 18-19 November 2021. The Conference Chair is Prof Florinda Matos, and the Programme Chairs are Prof Isabel Salavisa and Prof Carlos Serrão, all from Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal ECIAIR is now a well-established event on the academic research calendar and now, in its 3rd year, the key aim remains in the opportunity for participants to share ideas and meet people who hold them. The conference was due to be held at Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal, but because of the global Covid-19 pandemic, it was moved online as a virtual event. The subjects covered in the papers illustrate the wide range of topics that fall into this important and ever-growing area of research. The opening keynote presentation is given by Prof Luis Paulo Reis, from University of Porto, Portugal, on the topic of "Ethical, Explainable and Configurable Artificial Intelligence". The second day of the conference will be open by Prof Jean-Gabriel Ganascia, Sorbonne University, Paris, France, who will talk about "Justice, Fairness and AI"., With an initial submission of 57 abstracts, after the double blind, peer review process there are 25 academic research papers, 3 Masters' research papers, 1 non-academic paper and 2 work-in-progress papers published in these Conference Proceedings. These papers represent research from Brazil, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Japan, Nigeria, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and USA.

These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 2nd European Conference on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (ECIAIR 2020), hosted by ACI and Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal on 22-23 October 2020. The Conference Chair is Dr Florinda Matos, and the Programme Chairs are Dr Ana Maria de Almeida and Prof Isabel Salavisa, all from Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal.

This handbook focuses on new threats to psychological security that are posed by the malicious use of AI and how it can be used to counteract such threats. Studies on the malicious use of AI through deepfakes, agenda setting, sentiment analysis and affective computing and so forth, provide a visual representation of the various forms and methods of malicious influence on the human psyche, and through this on the political, economic, cultural processes, the activities of state and non-state institutions. Separate chapters examine the malicious use of AI in geopolitical confrontation, political campaigns, strategic deception, damage to corporate reputation, and activities of extremist and terrorist organizations. This is a unique volume that brings together a multidisciplinary range of established scholars and upcoming new researchers from 11 countries. This handbook is an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and professionals interested in this new and developing field of social practice and knowledge.