This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Encyclopedia of New York State is one of the most complete works on the Empire State to be published in a half-century. In nearly 2,000 pages and 4,000 signed entries, this single volume captures the impressive complexity of New York State as a historic crossroads of people and ideas, as a cradle of abolitionism and feminism, and as an apex of modern urban, suburban, and rural life. The Encyclopedia is packed with fascinating details from fields ranging from sociology and geography to history. Did you know that Manhattan's Lower East Side was once the most populated neighborhood in the world, but Hamilton County in the Adirondacks is the least densely populated county east of the Mississippi; New York is the only state to border both the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean; the Erie Canal opened New York City to rich farmland upstate . . . and to the west. Entries by experts chronicle New York's varied areas, politics, and persuasions with a cornucopia of subjects from environmentalism to higher education to railroads, weaving the state's diverse regions and peoples into one idea of New York State. Lavishly illustrated with 500 photographs and figures, 120 maps, and 140 tables, the Encyclopedia is key to understanding the state's past, present, and future. It is a crucial reference for students, teachers, historians, and business people, for New Yorkers of all persuasions, and for anyone interested in finding out more about New York State.

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1902 edition. Excerpt: ...otherwise they had had no game but muskrats. But they could not join their captors in a meal upon muskrats. The Indian who had almost tomahawked the captain was his barber now and shaved him regularly twice a week. He was quite an expert with a razor. The prisoners were painted on the first and second days of their captivity and then not again until they reached the Susquehanna. After this they were painted regularly every morning. All were generally silent on the march and the little conversation had was in broken Dutch. Runnip told Snyder of a proposed raid into Shawangunk after higher officers and in July Snyder met some more recently taken prisoners who told him that they had met Runnip on his way to Shawangunk. A year after this Capt. Snyder met Capt. Anthony Abeel, of Catskill, also a captive in Canada, who told him the result of the raid into Shawangunk. The officers wanted were not captured, but some negro slaves were seized. These rose in the wilderness and slew their captors, among whom was Runnip himself. Fort Niagara had been built by the French during their long control of Canada and had been one of their strongholds. Since Canada had become British the latter had increased the strength of the fortifications until it was a seat of their power. It was at the outlet of the Niagara river into Lake Ontario. About six or eight acres were inclosed about the fort within which the British commander had erected a handsome residence. This was now occupied by Col. Guy Johnson, son-in-law of Sir William Johnson, of Johnstown. To him the Snyders were brought for an interview. He was a short, stout man, about forty years of age, of stern countenance, and a haughty demeanor, dressed in British uniform, with powdered locks, cocked hat and...