Orthochloronitrobenzene (OCNB) is a trace contaminant in Otto Fuel II (OFII), a nitrated ester used as a torpedo propellant by the U.S. Navy. In a published study, OCNB has been reported to produce multiple life tumors in male and female rats. The quantification of OCNB in OFII was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography. The OFII was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography. The OFII was found to contain 0.00165% ONCB and a distillate of OFII was found to contain 0.0009% OCNB. It was estimated that over a 12 month inhalation exposure to 240 mg/cum of OFII an animal would receive a total dose of 0.05 mg OCNB kilogram of body weight. This is insignificant compared to the total dose required for the previously published results. OCNB is not considered to be a factor in the outcome of the current studies.

A summary is presented of an analytical methodology developed to meet USAF durability requirements. Details are given in four companion volumes. Analytical approaches that are currently used or have potential to be used to determine economic life are surveyed. Results of a structural survey of durability problems experienced at USAF ALC's are summarized. Durability critical parts criteria and economic life criteria are discussed. An analytical method to determine the crack population in a structure as a function of service time is presented. Fastener-hole cracking is the basic form of damage analyzed. Representations of initial quality and growth of small cracks are discussed. The effect of inspection and repair on the distribution of cracks is included.

A critical evaluation of three analytical approaches is made to determine their applicability and/or potential for analytically assuring airframe durability during the design stage. A suitable analytical format for quantifying durability damage is developed based on U.S. Air Force durability design specifications and durability analysis needs. Air Force durability requirements are briefly reviewed and discussed. Three potential approaches for durability damage analysis are conceptually evaluated and discussed: (1) Conventional Fatigue Analysis (Palmgren-Miner Rule); (2) Deterministic Crack Growth Approach; and (3) Probabilistic Crack Growth Approach. The resulting evaluation provides the prerequisite work needed to develop a durability analysis methodology. The probabilistic crack growth approach is found to be the most promising for developing the durability analysis methodology under Phase I.

Structural Integrity and Durability of Advanced Composites: Innovative Modelling Methods and Intelligent Design presents scientific and technological research from leading composite materials scientists and engineers that showcase the fundamental issues and practical problems that affect the development and exploitation of large composite structures. As predicting precisely where cracks may develop in materials under stress is an age old mystery in the design and building of large-scale engineering structures, the burden of testing to provide "fracture safe design" is imperative. Readers will learn to transfer key ideas from research and development to both the design engineer and end-user of composite materials. This comprehensive text provides the information users need to understand deformation and fracture phenomena resulting from impact, fatigue, creep, and stress corrosion cracking and how these phenomena can affect reliability, life expectancy, and the durability of structures. Presents scientific and technological research from leading composite materials scientists and engineers that showcase fundamental issues and practical problems Provides the information users need to understand deformation and fracture phenomena resulting from impact, fatigue, creep, and stress corrosion cracking Enables readers to transfer key ideas from research and development to both the design engineer and end-user of composite materials

"Long Term Durability of Structural Materials" features proceedings of the workshop held at Berkeley, CA in October, 2000. It brought together engineers and scientists, who have received grants from the initiative NSF 98-42, to share their results on the study of long-term durability of materials and structures. The major objective was to develop new methods for accelerated short-term laboratory or in-situ tests which allow accurate, reliable, predictions of the long-term performance of materials, machines and structures. To achieve this goal it was important to understand the fundamental nature of the deterioration and damage processes in materials and to develop innovative ways to model the behavior of these processes as they affect the life and long-term performance of components, machines and structures. The researchers discussed their approach to include size effects in scaling up from laboratory specimens to actual structures. Accelerated testing and durability modeling techniques developed were validated by comparing their results with performance under actual operating conditions. The main mechanism of the deterioration discussed included environmental effects and/or exposure to loads, speeds and other operating conditions that are not fully anticipated in the original design. A broad range of deterioration damage, such as fatigue, overload, ultraviolet damage, corrosion, and wear was presented. A broad range of materials of interest was also discussed, including the full spectrum of construction materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and coatings. Emphasis was placed on scale-dependence and history of fabrication on resulting mechanical behavior of materials.