A drug court is a specialized court thattargets criminal offenders who havedrug addiction and dependencyproblems. These programs provideoffenders with intensive courtsupervision, mandatory drug testing, substance-abuse treatment, and othersocial services as an alternative toadjudication or incarceration. As ofJune 2010, there were over 2,500 drugcourts operating nationwide, of whichabout 1,400 target adult offenders. TheDepartment of Justice's (DOJ) Bureauof Justice Assistance (BJA)administers the Adult Drug CourtDiscretionary Grant Program, whichprovides financial and technicalassistance to develop and implementadult drug-court programs. DOJrequires grantees that receive fundingto provide data that measure theirperformance. In response to the FairSentencing Act of 2010, this reportassesses (1) data DOJ collected onthe performance of federally fundedadult drug courts and to what extentDOJ used these data in making grant-related decisions, and (2) what isknown about the effectiveness of drugcourts. GAO assessed performancedata DOJ collected in fiscal year 2010and reviewed evaluations of 32 drug-court programs and 11 cost-benefitstudies issued from February 2004through March 2011