P. T. N. SPENCER-PHILLIPS Co-ordinator, Downy Mildew Working Group of the International Society for Plant Pathology University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK Email: [email protected] It is a very great privilege to write the preface to the first specialist book on downy mildews since the major work edited by D. M. Spencer in 1981. The idea for the present publication arose from the Downy Mildew Workshop at the International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP) held in Edinburgh in August 1998. Our intention was to invite reviews on selected aspects of downy mildew biology from international authorities, and link these to a series of related short contributions reporting new data. No attempt has been made to cover the breadth of downy mildew research, but we hope that further topics will be included in future volumes, so that this becomes the first of a series following the five year ICPP cycle.

Among the Horticultural Crops, Fruits and Vegetables (FV) are of primary - portance as the key source of essential components in an adequate and balanced human diet. FV have supported largely the daily food requirement of mankind since ages and even before man learned to grow cereal crops systematically. Over the years, growing FV has been the mainstay of rural economy and has emerged as an indispensable part of agriculture world over, offering farmers a wide range of crops in varied topography and climate. In certain parts of the world, FV are the major dietary staple. Apart from being a rich source of vitamins and minerals, this sector also contributes significantly in economy of the region or the nation. The increased income from per unit area of FV is far ahead and can not be compared with that of cereal crops. A recent survey by the Economist revealed that the world population has - creased by 90 % in the past 40 years while food production has increased only by 25 % per head. With an additional 1. 5 billion mouth to feed by 2020, farmers worldwide have to produce 39 % more. Looking at the load of the future food requirement, the global increased production of FV during last few years has absorbed the additional food requirement and accordingly the eating habits are also changing and shifting - wards more consumption of these commodities worldwide.

This new edition of The Fungi provides a comprehensive introduction to the importance of fungi in the natural world and in practical applications, from a microbiological perspective.

It was a compliment to me to be asked to prepare the fourth edition of Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook, and the decision to accept the responsi bility for the fourth edition and now the fifth edition was not taken lightly. The task has been a formidable one. I have always had a great respect professionally for Dr. Cynthia Westcott. That respect has grown considerably with the completion of the two editions. I now fully realize the tremendous amount of effort expended by Dr. Westcott in developing the Handbook. A book such as this is never finished, since one is never sure that everything has been included that should be. I would quote and endorse the words of Dr. Westcott in her preface to the first edition: "It is easy enough to start a book on plant disease. It is impossible to finish it. " This revision of the Handbook retains the same general format contained in the previous editions. The chemicals and pesticides regulations have been updated; a few taxonomic changes have been made in the bacteria, fungi, and mistletoes; the changing picture in diseases caused by viruses and/or viruslike agents has been described. A few new host plants have been added, and many recently reported diseases as well as previously known diseases listed now on new hosts have been included. In addition, photographs have been replaced where possible, and the color photograph section has been retained.

Vegetable soybean area, production, demand, supply and domestic and foreign trade in Japan; Vegetable soybean area, production, and foreign and domestic trade in Taiwan; Communication links between vegetable soybean producers, processors, trading companies and seed companies in Japan; Vegetable soybean varietal improvement in Japan - past, present and future; Varietal improvement of vegetable soybean in Taiwan; Vegetable soybean seed production technologies in Japan; Vegetable soybean seed production technology in Taiwan; Cultural practices and cropping systems for vegetable soybean in Japan; Management inputs and mechanical harvesting for vegetable soybean in Taiwan; Present and potential cropping systems for vegetable soybean in Taiwan; Effect of fertilizer management and rhizobia inoculation on yield and quality for vegetable soybean; Plant protection technology for vegetable soybean; Quality requirement and improvement of vegetable soybean; Research on vegetable soybean quality in Taiwan; Postharvest processing, marketing and quality degradation in vegetable soybean in Japan; Effects of cold storage and precooling on the quality of vegetable soybean; A critical analysis of vegetable soybean production, demand and research in Japan.

Following the successful and proven concept used in "Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes" by the same editors, this book is the first to present approved pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds classified by their carboxylic acid functionality in one handy volume. Each of the around 40 chapters describes one or two typical syntheses of a specific compound class and provides concise information on the history of development, mode of action, biological activity and field of application, as well as structure-activity relationships. In addition, similarities and differences between pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals are discussed in the introduction. Written by a team of experts in the field, this is a useful reference for researchers in academia and chemical or pharmaceutical companies working in the field of total synthesis and natural product chemistry, drug development, and crop protection research.

Emphasis in this second volume of Advances in Downy Mildew Research is on the biology of compatible interactions, forecasting and epidemiology, host specialisation, genetic variability amongst pathogen populations, novel methods for detection and systematics, and induced resistance. Two chapters focus on the related oomycete Albugo candida, which shares many pathogenic characteristics with the downy mildews and provides a valuable comparative pathosystem. Contributions on specific downy mildews include Bremia lactucae, Peronospora destructor, Peronospora sparsa, Peronospora viciae, Plasmopara halstedii, Plasmopara viticola, Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Sclerospora graminicola. Review chapters on compatibility, forecasting and systematics consider a broader range of downy mildew fungi, and compare them with other oomycete and biotrophic pathogens. The book is relevant to anyone with an interest in these unique biotrophic pathogens, either in their own right as causes of damaging diseases or as model systems for research on host-pathogen interactions. It should be read by: students, teachers and researchers in academic and research institutes; research and development personnel in the agrochemical industries; agricultural and horticultural advisers, and other extension workers.