The Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders is a comprehensive reference work on movement disorders, encompassing a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and pharmacology. This compilation will feature more than 300 focused entries, including sections on different disease states, pathophysiology, epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, as well as discussions on relevant basic science topics. This Encyclopedia is an essential addition to any collection, written to be accessible for both the clinical and non-clinical reader. Academic clinicians, translational researchers and basic scientists are brought together to connect experimental findings made in the laboratory to the clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment of movement disorders. The Encyclopedia targets a broad readership, ranging from students to general physicians, basic scientists and Movement Disorder specialists. Published both in print and via Elsevier’s online platform of Science Direct, this Encyclopedia will have the enhanced option of integrating traditional print with online multimedia. Connects experimental findings made in the laboratory to the clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment of movement disorders Encompasses a wide variety of topics in neurology neurosurgery, psychiatry, and pharmacology Written for a broad readership ranging from students to general physicians, basic scientists, and movement disorder specialists

With contributions by numerous experts

Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.

Seven years after the cloning of the rat dopamine D receptor, and four 2 years after the cloning of the last mammalian dopamine receptor identified to date, this seems to be an excellent time to put together the present The Dopamine Receptors volume ofthis series, The Receptors. There has been time for considerable characterization of the novel receptor subtypes, and new, exciting lines of research from the molecular to the behavioral levels are taking shape. We asked the contributors to The Dopamine Receptors to follow the superb example set by the previous volumes in this series by writing compre hensive, historical reviews that will comprise an essential resource for nonspe cialists and newcomers to the dopamine receptor field, while at the same time providing up-to-date summaries of the most active areas of research. It is difficult these days to write about receptors without addressing the issue of receptor nomenclature. For dopamine receptors, valid arguments can be made for a system in which the subtypes are classified as belonging to the Dl or D2 classes, with letters assigned in the order of cloning (D A, D , D A, 1 18 2 D , Dc). We decided, however, that common usage counts for something, and 28 2 chose to use D , D , and D for the D2-like receptors because these names are 2 3 4 nearly unanimously used in the literature.

This text presents the fundamentals of biochemistry and related topics for all those pursuing medical or other health-related fields such as clinical chemistry, medical technology, or pharmacology.

Fluorine and Health presents a critical multidisciplinary overview on the contribution of fluorinated compounds to resolve the important global issue of medicinal monitoring and health care. The involved subjects are organized in three thematic parts devoted to Molecular Imaging, Biomedical Materials and Pharmaceuticals. Initially the key-position of partially fluorinated low molecular weight compounds labelled either with the natural 19F-isotope for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or labelled with the radioactive [18F]-isotope for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is highlighted. Both non-invasive methods belong to the most challenging in vivo imaging techniques in oncology, neurology and in cardiology for the diagnosis of diseases having the highest mortality in the industrialized countries. The manifold facets of fluorinated biomaterials range from inorganic ceramics to perfluorinated organic molecules. Liquid perfluorocarbons are suitable for oxygen transport and as potential respiratory gas carriers, while fluorinated polymers are connected to the pathology of blood vessels. Another important issue concerns the application of highly fluorinated liquids in ophthalmology. Moreover, fluorine is an essential trace element in bone mineral, dentine and tooth enamel and is applied for the prophylaxis and treatment of dental caries. The various origins of human exposure to fluoride species is detailed to promote a better understanding of the effect of fluoride species on living organisms.Medicinally relevant fluorinated molecules and their interactions with native proteins are the main focus of the third part. New molecules fluorinated in strategic position are crucial for the development of pharmaceuticals with desired action and optimal pharmacological profile. Among the hundreds of marketed active drug components there are more than 150 fluorinated compounds. The chapters will illustrate how the presence of fluorine atoms alters properties of bioactive compounds at various biochemical steps, and possibly facilitate its emergence as pharmaceuticals. Finally the synthetic potential of a fluorinase, the first C-F bond forming enzyme, is summarized. - New approach of topics involving chemistry, biology and medicinal techniques - Transdisciplinar papers on fluoride products - Importance of fluoride products in health - Updated data on specific topics

A rigorous, high-yield review for the new ABA Part 1: BASIC Examination The year 2014 marks the beginning of a new phase in board certification for anesthesiology residents in the United States. The Part 1 exam is now split into two written examinations: Basic and Advanced. Anesthesiology. Residents who are unable to pass the Basic examination will not be allowed to finish their training. That's why this book is a true must read for every anesthesiology resident. It is the single best way to take the stress out of this make-or-break exam, focus your study on nearly 200 must-know topics found on the board exam outline, and identify your areas of strength and weakness. Written by program directors with many years of board examination advising experience, Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: BASIC Exam is designed to be the cornerstone of your study preparation. Each chapter of Anesthesiology Core Review succinctly summarizes key concepts in basic science and clinical anesthesia practice. Space is conveniently provided throughout the book to add notes from other study resources. Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: BASIC Exam is logical divided into four sections: Basic Science Clinical Sciences Organ-Based Sciences Special Issues in Anesthesiology (covering important topics such as professionalism and licensure, ethics, and patient safety) With its expert authorship and concise yet thorough coverage, Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: BASIC Exam is biggest step you can take to assure effective preparation for the new ABA BASIC Examination.