In efforts to limit transboundary movement of pathogens and reduce the economic and socioeconomic impact of disease in aquaculture, there is considerable scope for more effective use of DNA-based methods of pathogen detection. These technologies offer rapid results with potentially high sensitivity and specificity, at relatively low cost. However, few, if any, of the available tests have been assessed appropriately against other diagnostic methods or standardized and validated for specified applications. Implementation of standardized practices that produce reliable, useful and comparable date will require a significant investment in research, training and infrastructure development. The review recommends the development of programmes of managed cooperative research to assist more effective use of DNA-based detection tests, focusing on improving the knowledge base by identification of new and emerging pathogens, relating pathogens in the Asia region to those described elsewhere and defining the extent of genetic variation between related pathogens. The review also recommends the development of a laboratory accreditation programme in order to achieve standardization of sampling methods and test procedures complementary to the activities of the International Office of Epizootics (OIE) in obtaining internationally agreed test standards for molecular diagnostic technologies. Contents Chapter 1: Background; Global aquaculture development, Impact of disease, Role of DNA-based technologies in diagnosis and pathogen detection, Impediments to the use of DNA-based diagnostic technique; Chapter 2: Expert Workshop; Terms of reference, Participants, Workshop process; Chapter 3: Pathogen Focus Group Reports; Shrimp pathogens, Status of research and identification of research needs, Standardization of DNA-based diagnostic tests, Networking and communication, Training and extension, Mollusc pathogens, Finfish pathogens, Diseases requiring applicaition of DNA-based technologies, Evaluation of needs for rapid detection techniques, Status of research, Key constraints to establishment of international standards, Recommendations for research program; Chapter 4: Issue Relating to the Adoption of International Standards for Disease Diagnosis and Health Certification; Chapter 5: Key Outcomes and Recommendations; General comments, Research needs, Training needs, Communication needs, International standardisation; Chapter 6: References; Chapter 7: Contributed Papers and Reviews; Technological constraints to disease prevention and control in aquatic animals, with special reference to pathogen detection by Sharon MC Gladdery, The absolute requirement for predictive validation of non-culture based detection techniques by Maura Hiney, Evaluation of diagnostic tests: the epidemiological approach by Daniel F Fegan, DNA-based diagnostic and detection methods for penaeid shrimp viral diseases by Donald V Lightner, Practical problems with PCR detection in Asia: the importance of standardization by M Shariff, S Soon, K L Lee and L T Tan, Application of polymerase chain reaction for detection of shrimp pathogens in India by Indrani Karunasagar, Viral genetic variation: implications for disease diagnosis and detection of shrimp pathogens by Peter J Walker and Jeff A Cowley, The need for molecular tools in the study of mollusc pathogens by P m Hine, Development and validation of DNA-based diagnostic techniques with particular reference to bivalve mollusc pathogens by Franck C J Berthe, Molecular diagnostics for the oyster pathogens haplosporidium nelsoni (Msx disease) and perkinsus marinus (Dermo disease) in chesapeake bay, Virginia, USA by Eugene M Burreson, Rapid detection and identification of fish pathogens by Alexandra Adams, DNA-based studies on aphanomyces invadans, the fungal pathogen of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (Eus) by James H Lilley and Supranee Chanbut, Importance of standardisation and validation of molecular diagnostic techniques for aquatic animal pathogens and diseases for international trade and trans-boundary movement of aquatic animals and animal products by Barry J Hill.

This is the report , including recommendations, and 13 papers presented, of the Expert Workshop held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 7-9 February 1999. The workshop found that there is considerable scope for more effective use of DNA-based methods of pathogen detection to limit transboundary movement of pathogens & reduce the impact of disease in aquaculture. Few if any, of the available tests have been assessed appropriately or standardized and validated. It is recommended that programmes are developed to manage cooperative research to assist more effective use of DNA-based detection tests and that a laboratory accreditation programmed to achieve standardization also be developed

Molecular Diagnostics, Third Edition, focuses on the technologies and applications that professionals need to work in, develop, and manage a clinical diagnostic laboratory. Each chapter contains an expert introduction to each subject that is next to technical details and many applications for molecular genetic testing that can be found in comprehensive reference lists at the end of each chapter. Contents are divided into three parts, technologies, application of those technologies, and related issues. The first part is dedicated to the battery of the most widely used molecular pathology techniques. New chapters have been added, including the various new technologies involved in next-generation sequencing (mutation detection, gene expression, etc.), mass spectrometry, and protein-specific methodologies. All revised chapters have been completely updated, to include not only technology innovations, but also novel diagnostic applications. As with previous editions, each of the chapters in this section includes a brief description of the technique followed by examples from the area of expertise from the selected contributor. The second part of the book attempts to integrate previously analyzed technologies into the different aspects of molecular diagnostics, such as identification of genetically modified organisms, stem cells, pharmacogenomics, modern forensic science, molecular microbiology, and genetic diagnosis. Part three focuses on various everyday issues in a diagnostic laboratory, from genetic counseling and related ethical and psychological issues, to safety and quality management. - Presents a comprehensive account of all new technologies and applications used in clinical diagnostic laboratories - Explores a wide range of molecular-based tests that are available to assess DNA variation and changes in gene expression - Offers clear translational presentations by the top molecular pathologists, clinical chemists, and molecular geneticists in the field

Principles and Applications of Molecular Diagnostics serves as a comprehensive guide for clinical laboratory professionals applying molecular technology to clinical diagnosis. The first half of the book covers principles and analytical concepts in molecular diagnostics such as genomes and variants, nucleic acids isolation and amplification methods, and measurement techniques, circulating tumor cells, and plasma DNA; the second half presents clinical applications of molecular diagnostics in genetic disease, infectious disease, hematopoietic malignancies, solid tumors, prenatal diagnosis, pharmacogenetics, and identity testing. A thorough yet succinct guide to using molecular testing technology, Principles and Applications of Molecular Diagnostics is an essential resource for laboratory professionals, biologists, chemists, pharmaceutical and biotech researchers, and manufacturers of molecular diagnostics kits and instruments. - Explains the principles and tools of molecular biology - Describes standard and state-of-the-art molecular techniques for obtaining qualitative and quantitative results - Provides a detailed description of current molecular applications used to solve diagnostics tasks

This book offers an introduction to the newest, fastest-growing field in laboratory science. Explaining and clarifying the molecular techniques used in diagnostic testing, this text provides both entry-level and advanced information. It covers the principles of molecular biology along with genomes and nucleic acid alterations, techniques and instrumentation, and applications of molecular diagnostics. Written by leading experts, including Patrick Bossuyt, Angela Caliendo, Rossa W.K. Chiu, Kojo S.J. Elenitoba-Johnson, Andrea Ferreira-Gonzalez, Amy Groszbach, Sultan Habeebu, Doris Haverstick, Malek Kamoun, Anthony Killeen, Noriko Kusukawa, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Elaine Lyon, Gwendolyn McMillin, Christopher Price, James Versalovic, Cindy Vnencak-Jones, Victor Weedn, Peter Wilding, Thomas Williams, and Carl Wittwer, this book includes illustrations, tables, and a colorful design to make information easy to find and easy to use. A full-color, 4-page insert shows realistic images of the output for many molecular tests. Learning Objectives open each chapter with an overview of what you should achieve. Key Words are listed and defined at the beginning of each chapter, and are bolded in the text. Review Questions at the end of every chapter let you measure your comprehension. Advanced Concepts are included, but set apart from the rest of the text, for students who want a higher level of learning. Ethics boxes address ethical issues, allowing you to apply your knowledge to real-life scenarios. A glossary of all key words may be easily accessed in the back of the book.

Advances in genomic and proteomic profiling of disease have transformed the field of molecular diagnostics, thus leading the way for a major revolution in clinical practice. While the range of tests for disease detection and staging is rapidly expanding, many physicians lack the knowledge required to determine which tests to order and how to interpret results. Molecular Diagnostics provides a complete guide to the use and interpretation of molecular testing in the clinical arena. No other available resource offers this emphasis, comprehensive scope, and practical utility in the clinical setting. - Serves as the definitivereference for molecular pathologists worldwide - Covers a variety of molecular techniques including next generation sequencing, tumor somatic cell genotyping, infectious and genetic disease tecting, and pharmacogenetics - Discusses in the detail issues concerning quality assurance, regulation, ethics, and future directions for the science

On June 27-28, 2018, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies) convened an international workshop in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on developing norms for the provision of laboratories in low-resource contexts. The U.S. Department of State's Biosecurity Engagement Program requested that the National Academies organize this workshop to engage an international group of organizations that provide funding for construction, upgrades, and maintenance of biological laboratories in countries without the means to build such labs themselves. Twenty-one people from 19 organizations participated. The intent was to advance the conversation about the identification and application of guiding principles and common norms for use by these organizations in their grants, partnerships, and aid. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.