Control and Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows Second Edition Edited by Peter E. Moffa In cities where storm and sanitary sewers are operated as one system, storm runoff overflows remain the most common potential source of untreated human waste in the water supply—and the single biggest obstacle to achieving the swimmability goals of the 1972 Clean Water Act Amendments. Communities upgrading old systems in order to provide safe, EPA-compliant water to their growing populations face both logistical and financial challenges. Yet, in the last decade significant advances in combined sewage overflow (CSO) abatement have been realized. The National CSO Control Strategy was published in 1989, with the final CSO policy approved in 1994. The EPA has intensified research and development; receiving-water impacts have been quantified; more cost-effective plans, prototypes, and facilities have been tested and implemented; and the water supplies in over a dozen U.S. cities are showing dramatically diminished CSO pollution levels. This revised edition of Control and Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows takes into account recent advances in research, planning, and practice to be the single most authoritative and up-to-date resource on CSO abatement. Written by expert CSO consultant Peter Moffa and a contributing team of top engineers, the book provides both the mathematical and analytical tools necessary for modeling current sewer systems and developing workable CSO abatement strategies. Control and Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows, Second Edition Features: A condensed overview of federal CSO policy (watershed) Guidelines for minimum control, long-term control planning, screening and ranking, project funding, CSO monitoring and modeling, and performance measurement Fully updated discussions of mathematical models for combined sewer systems A wide range of practical control and treatment technology systems—many developed since 1989, and Recent Case Studies—a complete section on cost-effect analysis showing how a number of U.S. cities enact effective storage, abatement, and disinfection plans. This edition features new case studies on Rouge River, Charlotte, NC, and Decatur, IL, plus updated reports from Onondaga County, NY, and Washington, DC. Control and Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows, Second Edition is an essential reference for wastewater and sanitary engineers, as well as city planners and administrators responsible for wastewater treatment. It is also the ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in wastewater and environmental engineering.

There are approximately 10,000 combined sewer overflow (CSO) locations in the United States. During peak storm events they can release about 1.2 trillion gallons of waste and up to 95% of a municipality's raw sewage into surface waters. Although many cities have initiated programs, the CSO problem remains largely unsolved and continues to be a majo

This book is about the roles and importance of Ultraviolet (UV) light from sun and from man-made UV lamps in our daily life, on health and diseases, also its application in sterilization and treatment. The key words are: reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, UV mutagenicity, skin cancers, polymorphous light eruption, Xeroderma pigmentosum, vitiligo, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, dermatology, photobiology, photodermatosis, vitamin D synthesis, vitamin D efficiency, water sterilization, blood sterilization, phototherapies, skin tanning and UV dosimeter. The book starts with introduction to UV light and the history of development of UV lamps and its applications. It then moves to describing the interaction of this light with biological components and the production of reactive oxygen species, their roles in cell signaling, cellular defense from foreign invaders, in mutagenesis leading to skin diseases including vitiligo, polymorphous light eruption and various forms of skin cancer. Then it presents the synthesis and importance of UV light and diseases, induced due to the deficiency of vitamin D. Roles of UV light in sterilization, disinfection, phototherapies are depicted in the next part and finally use and abuse of UV light in tanning salon and the availability and importance of use of UV dosimeter are highlighted. The three main focuses of this book are: - Damage to biological systems by UV light leading to certain skin diseases; most importantly skin cancers. - Importance of UV light in the in vivo synthesis of vitamin D when human bodies are exposed to it. - Diseases caused due to the deficiency of vitamin D and the use of UV lamps in phototherapy and sterilization processes. The editor has considerable experience in publishing medical books and has used it critically selecting the matters which will attract the readers from many areas of medical and non-medical fields. It is hoped that the materials presented in this book will give great benefit and will stimulate both novice and expert researchers in the field. The book gives excellent overviews of the current status of research and pointers to the future research achievements. Clinicians, medical general practitioners, technicians and staff working in UV related industries and especially those working in tanning salon should benefit from the information presented in safe handling of this light.

New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.