In the early summer of 2005, an international expert meeting was convened in The Hague to share and compare national experiences with conciliation and mediation as methods for resolving collective labor disputes. Both the European Union and the Council of Europe have committed themselves to promoting these methods which aim to assist disputants in finding creative, negotiated solutions, while preserving their long-standing relationships. Ideally, trade unions and employers (associations) have such long-standing relationships, and many European countries have specialized conciliation officers or mediation services operating in this area. The meeting allowed leading mediators and academics to share their experiences and to exchange their views on the changes permeating Europe today: the rise of transnational labor disputes, the decentralization of collective bargaining, the process of de-unification, the joining of the EU by new member states without a social dialogue tradition, and the insights generated by the emerging science of principled bargaining, facilitative mediation, and conflict management. All these developments are likely to increase the demand for expert mediation services assisting more often less experienced negotiators. Thereby, the very nature of mediation may gradually change. This book documents the proceedings and provides a comprehensive overview of EU initiatives in the field of collective labor law and dispute resolution.