Annual Review in Automatic Programming is a collection of papers presented at the Working Conference on Automatic Programming of Digital Computers held in Brighton, UK, on April 1-3, 1959. Contributors focus on developments in automatic programming and cover topics ranging from automatic coding for TREAC to the PEGASUS and MERCURY autocodes, automatic programming of DEUCE, and the philosophy of programming. Business applications of automatic programming are also discussed. This book is comprised of 17 chapters and begins with a review of future trends in automatic programming, focusing on the environment of a computer as well as machine languages and automatic codes. The features of existing automatic programming languages are also described, along with the advantages and disadvantages of such languages. The next chapter presents some of the arguments in favor of standardized notations for programming, mainly with reference to scientific problems. The reader is also introduced to the Mark 5 system of automatic coding for TREAC; assembly, interpretive, and conversion programs for PEGASUS; and application of formula translation to the automatic coding of ordinary differential equations. The final chapter describes a machine designed for the manufacture of accurate models for wind tunnel tests. This monograph will be of interest to computer programmers, computer manufacturers, computer users, and university students.

Annual Review in Automatic Programming, Volume 2 is a collection of papers that discusses the controversy about the suitability of COBOL as a common business oriented language, and the development of different common languages for scientific computation. A couple of papers describes the use of the Genie system in numerical calculation and analyzes Mercury autocode in terms of a phrase structure language, such as in the source language, target language, the order structure of ATLAS, and the meta-syntactical language of the assembly program. Other papers explain interference or an "intermediate return" using ALGOL, the National-Elliot 803 Computer, and the MADCAP II. MADCAP II is A version of the automatic programming compiler for MANIAC II. One paper discusses the APT which serves as a common computer language for computational problems. Another paper explains SAKO which can bypass machine language almost entirely in the field of numerical and logical problems, particularly in programs using XYZ and ZAM II. A report of the Working Committee of the British Computer Society Discussion Group No. 5 concludes that COBOL is unnecessarily complex due to its close machine orientation. Computer engineers, computer instructors, programmers, and students of computer science will find the collection highly valuable.

This is the first book that attempts to provide a framework in which to embed an automatic programming system based on evolutionary learning (genetic programming) into a traditional software engineering environment. As such, it looks at how traditional software engineering knowledge can be integrated with an evolutionary programming process in a symbiotic way.

A model of the data processing system writing process is given in terms of development stages. These stages correspond to the progression in the implementation and design process from the highest level of abstraction (English system specifications) to the lowest level (machine code). The issues and goals (including optimization of the product data processing systems) involved in automating these stages are discussed and strategies and methodologies used for doing so are developed. Protosystem 1, an automatic programming system prototype, is described. The completed (and working) part automates three of the five stages identified in the proposed model of the system writing process. The basic theory, methods and structure of this part of the automatic programming systems are presented. (Author).

Most of the well-known mathematical software systems are batch oriented, though in the past few years there have been attempts to incorporate ``knowledge'' or ``expertise'' into these systems. A number of developments have helped in making the systems more powerful and user-friendly: algorithm/parameter selection for the solution of well-defined mathematical engineering problems; parallel computing; computer graphics technology; interface development tools; and of course the years of experience with these systems and the increase in available computing power have made it practical to fulfill the potential seen in the early years of their development.This book covers four main areas of the subject: Application Oriented Expert Systems, Advisory Systems, Knowledge Manipulation Issues, and User Interfaces.