Nitrous oxide is an important greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting-substance. Its sources are diffuse and poorly characterized, complicating efforts to understand anthropogenic impacts and develop mitigation policies. Online, spectroscopic analysis of N2O isotopic composition can provide continuous measurements at high time resolution, giving new insight into N2O sources, sinks, and chemistry. We present a new preconcentration unit, "Stheno II," coupled to a tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy (TILDAS) instrument, to measure ambient-level variations in 18O and site-specific 15N N2O isotopic composition at remote sites with a temporal resolution of

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Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets: Accounting for Natural and Anthropogenic Flows of CO2 and other Trace Gases provides a synthesis of greenhouse gas budgeting activities across the world. Organized in four sections, including background, methods, case studies and opportunities, it is an interdisciplinary book covering both science and policy. All environments are covered, from terrestrial to ocean, along with atmospheric processes using models, inventories and observations to give a complete overview of greenhouse gas accounting. Perspectives presented give readers the tools necessary to understand budget activities, think critically, and use the framework to carry out initiatives. Written by a combination of experts across career stages, presenting an integrated perspective for graduate students and professionals alike Includes sections authored by those involved in both early and later IPCC assessments Provides an interdisciplinary resource that spans many topics and methodologies in oceanic, land and atmospheric processes

The significant interest related to atmospheric Nitrous oxide as a greenhouse gas and as a tool to regulate the Ozone concentration is well-known and requires to define a precise budget in the atmosphere for this gas. Therefore, the isotopic measurements are proposed to become the necessary additional instrument to better quantify this budget. The lack of a real comparability tool for the disparate Nitrous oxide isotopic measurement done required to start the work related to the development of a Reference material for Nitrogen and Oxygen in this gas. A measurement procedure for the complete isotope characterization of atmospheric Nitrous oxide sample has been developed and applied to establish a first Reference material for this gas. The whole work has been based on the peculiar instrumental capabilities of "Avogadro" MAT 271IRMS. Additional hardware and software improvement has been done for this mass spectrometer to apply the proposed method.

The Langley-D.U. collaboration on the analysis of high resolution infrared atmospheric spectra covered a number of important studies of trace gases identification and quantification from field spectra, and spectral line parameters analysis. The collaborative work included: Quantification and monitoring of trace gases from ground-based spectra available from various locations and seasons and from balloon flights. Studies toward identification and quantification of isotopic species, mostly oxygen and Sulfur isotopes. Search for new species on the available spectra. Update of spectroscopic line parameters, by combining laboratory and atmospheric spectra with theoretical spectroscopy methods. Study of trends of atmosphere trace constituents. Algorithms developments, retrievals intercomparisons and automatization of the analysis of NDSC spectra, for both column amounts and vertical profiles. Goldman, Aaron Langley Research Center