Social Accountability Refers To The Wide Range Of Citizen Actions To hold the state to account, as well as actions on the part of government, media, and other actors that promote or facilitate these efforts. Social accountability strategies and tools help empower ordinary citizens to exercise their inherent rights to hold governments accountable for the use of public funds and how they exercise authority. This book explains what social accountability means in the African context, distilling some common success factors and lessons that can help other practitioners and innovators in the field. Demanding Good Governance: Lessons from Social Accountability Initiatives in Africa presents case studies from a cross-section of countries, drawing on initiatives launched and implemented both by civil society groups and by local and national governments in countries with a wide range of political contexts and cultures. The case studies demonstrate that although social accountability approaches are strongly influenced by many underlying legal, social, cultural, and economic factors, they can still be implemented in difficult political environments (for example, in Zimbabwe). They point to the overriding problem of access to information (Ghana, Malawi, and Zimbabwe) and the low readability of information when it is available (Benin). They demonstrate what can happen when governments and civil society work together to institute accountability measures (Nigeria) and the implementation challenges they face in environments ranging from decentralized (Tanzania) to more centralized (Senegal). Development professionals have traditionally assumed that Africa's governance and service delivery challenges must be addressed from the top down. The reality is the opposite; bottom-up civilian-led social accountability mechanisms have proven to be versatile, adaptable, and highly effective in enhancing development prospects across a number of African countries. This collection of case studies is an invaluable guide to practitioners seeking a better grasp of how to implement and strengthen such mechanisms, and it represents an important contribution to the literature.-James D. Wolfensohn Wolfensohn Fund Management, L.P. Former President, World Bank Group This book provides a succinct exposition of the central role of civil society organizations in governance enforcement through social accountability. I find it a welcome addition to the extant literature on social accountability and its intertwined relationship with good governance and the need for increased public participation of both women and men for improved public service delivery.-Frannie A. LTautier Executive Secretary The African Capacity Building Foundation Harare, Zimbabwe

This report synthesizes a stocktaking of civil society-initiated social accountability practices in the public budgetary process in 10 Anglophone African countries Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbawe. Three clear mechanisms for social accountability in the cycle of public expenditure are included as initiatives in the study: independent budget analysis and advocacy (IBA); participatory public expenditure tracking (PPET); and participatory performance monitoring (PPM). Independent Budget Analysis (IBA) refers to the research, advocacy and dissemination of information on issues related to official budgets by civil society and other actors independent of the government. Participatory public expenditure tracking (PPET) involves the use of civil society to track how the public sector spends the money that was allocated to it. Participatory Performance Monitoring (PPM) consists of citizen and community scorecards that solicit user feedback on the performance of public services. Citizen Report Cards (CRCs) are used in situations where demand side data, such as user perceptions on quality and satisfaction with public services, is absent. The paper also presents a conceptual framework for the role of social accountability in good governance and contrasts horizontal accountability and vertical accountability. Horizontal accountability entails setting up public policies and government procedures, whereas vertical accountability involves public mechanisms for enforcing accountability both before and during the exercise of public authority, and includes citizen groups and a vibrant independent media. This vertical alignment leads to a broader understanding of good governance, requiring continual give and take between the state and society. Such social accountability has direct relevance to aligning public expenditures with pro-poor policies in country Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) and ensuring that resources are disbursed for effective delivery of services to the poor.

Accountability is the cornerstone of good governance. Unless public officials can be held to account, then critical benefits associated with good governance, such as social justice, poverty reduction and development remain elusive. The impacts of non-responsive and unaccountable governance are perhaps most harshly felt by the citizens of Africa, where corruption and governance failures are broadly acknowledged as a principal obstacle to the achievement Over the past decade, a range of social accountability practices such as participatory budgeting, independent budget analysis, participatory monitoring of public expenditure and citizen evaluation of public services have been experimented with in many Africa countries. Their outcomes and lessons have, thus far, received little attend and documentation. This volume aims to make a contribution towards filling this gap by describing and analyzing a selection of social accountability initiatives from seven Sub-Saharan countries.

This book aims to show that a strong and achieving public service is a necessary condition for a competitively successful nation. The concept of good governance is linked with institutionalised values such as democracy, observance of human rights and greater effectiveness of the public sector.

There is growing recognition of the need for new approaches to the ways in which donors support accountability, but no broad agreement on what changed practice looks like. This publication aims to provide more clarity on the emerging practice.

Challenging The Rulers: A Leadership Model for Good Governance brings to the fore the issue of leadership in developing countries like Kenya. Citing specific examples, it singles out bad leadership as the cause of stagnation and underdevelopment in Africa. This book advocates for a serious discourse on leadership as the most critical factor in a national quest for good governance and prosperity. Unlike other writers who bemoan the state of affairs in Africa without offering alternatives, the authors propose a leadership model that can ensure good governance. This is based on the premise that good leadership means good governance hence reasonable economic growth and development. Values and principles of good leadership are outlined. In 2010, Kenya took its pride of place among nations by enacting a new progressive constitution which among other things provides for a devolved government. However, the authors argue that good laws, structures, systems and policies simply provide the infrastructure for good governance. To move Kenya forward, good men and women of vision, who are committed to servant leadership, must rise up to activate these laws to bring about good governance as a means of improving people's quality of life. In a nutshell, this book advocates for reforms in leadership. Challenging The Rulers is a challenge to all leaders - present and aspiring - to adopt this leadership model. To ordinary citizens, it is a call to take necessary action to elect good leaders.

This well-presented collection with contributions from academics and administrators reflects the growing concern towards the present-day practice of governance. It focuses on the need for Governance for Sustainable Human Development to manage the country's social as well as economic resources leading to better development-founded on four pillars of Accountability, Transparency, Predictability, and Participation. It thus calls for unfolding various issues and devising suitable strategies towards humane governance through appropriate political, bureaucratic, economic, and legal reforms. Highlighting its theme in the initial chapters in the New Public Management perspective, the book goes on to unravel the major administrative loopholes in Indian administration, such as lack of transparency and accountability, and the stranglehold of corruption, all of which lead to human deprivation. Later chapters give a synoptic overview of administrative reforms so far undertaken in India, and emphasize the effectiveness of governance in establishing appropriate balance in relative roles of public, private and civil society organizations, rights and responsibilities of politicians, bureaucrats and community, and economic and social justice. The book closes on a positive note strongly reiterating administrative re-engineering to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century for ensuring a holistic development of the country. Recent and real life happenings infused in the text to substantiate arguments, make it an interesting reading. The book will be of immense use to the students and teachers of public administration, social science, political science, and those who practise public administration. It will also be useful to a large number of government departments-both at the union and the state levels.