This text brings together scholarship on the history of psychology and race. Throughout the history of the field, psychological discourse has been shaped by social concerns, and its discourse on race is no exception. Psychologists have promoted and fought against racism and a nuanced historical account requires analysis of both dimensions. The contributors seek to understand the relationship between the changes in the field and broader social change by mapping the changing discourse for defining difference through race. ideas of race in the work of 19th-century and 20th-century psychologists; psychological discourse on topics such as mixed-race people; political uses of racial research; changes in textbook presentations of race and intelligence; and international perspectives on psychology and race. The contibutors also examine the prominence and persistence of American research on racial differences in intelligence as well as the work of Kenneth Clark and Horace Mann Bond in combatting racism in science and society. This volume aims to increase readers' understanding of the link between racial studies and social attitudes in our time, and aims to provide a comprehensive examination of that link through history.

Berkowitz shows that interpretation of Leviticus 18:3 provides an essential backdrop for today's conversations about Jewish assimilation and minority identity.

A new edition of this introduction to Deleuze's seminal work, Difference and Repetition, with new material on intensity, science and action and new engagements with Bryant, Sauvagnargues, Smith, Somers-Hall and de Beistegui.

Definition is a basic activity of language, of particular importance to linguists because of its use of language to describe itself. Beyond this inherent significance as a crucial element of language study, definitions also provide a rich potential source of the information needed for Natural Language Processing systems. This book describes an investigation of the subset of general language used in definition sentences and the development of a taxonomy of definition types, a grammar of definition sentences and parsing software which can extract their functional components. The work is based on definition sentences used in one of the dictionaries from the Cobuild range, and the book includes a brief history of the development of monolingual English dictionaries, an assessment of the concepts of sublanguages and local grammars and a full exploration of the results of the analysis and of the present and future applications of the taxonomy, grammar and parser.

In the realm of the social our incommensurable differences define us, yet more often we find they divide us. Speaking–Writing With: Aboriginal and Settler Interrelations argues that power relations of suppression rely on particular ways of marking difference. Its discussion circulates in and through “indigenous” and “settler” interrelations, yet the focus is on relations and relationships – on the formation of subjectivities and ongoing construction of identities. In the context of Australia’s socio-political history, the text theorises ways of speaking “with” (instead of “for”) others by exploring the relationship between poststructural/deconstruction theories and indigenous relational ontologies. Such modes of thinking, outside the binarised thinking of the west, deeply resonate in their shared capacity for change, innovation, creativity and engagement with atavism–futurity. While Fiona McAllan’s PhD published articles have achieved recognition in trans-disciplinary fields, a cohesive development of her socio-cultural theory has been made accessible to academic audiences by incorporating those articles into this academic text. Written in the combined modes of a western theory/praxis fusion and an indigenous methodology, and utilising diverse theories including indigenous epistemologies and decolonising methodologies, deconstruction, feminist psychoanalytic theory, eco-phenomenology, postcolonialism, critical whiteness, etc., the text poses the research question: “is it possible to engage an in-relation ethos and inter-entity consciousness that will allow for the transformation from global relations of suppression and subordination to those of reciprocity, mutual respect and engagement, thus providing a model for a transformative and reciprocal sociality?” Speaking–Writing With is therefore a book that acknowledges how unconscious forces influence our everyday thoughts and actions (and their correlative material consequences) and thus engages pressing geo-political issues at a time when indigenous ontologies/understandings are becoming increasingly crucial to addressing the mounting problems of the west. It sits in the genre of critical cultural theory, yet will be equally relevant to other disciplines such as Indigenous Studies, Critical Whiteness/racial theories, cultural sociology, and philosophy.

Define and Rule focuses on the turn in late nineteenth-century colonial statecraft when Britain abandoned the attempt to eradicate difference between conqueror and conquered and introduced a new idea of governance, as the definition and management of difference. Mahmood Mamdani explores how lines were drawn between settler and native as distinct political identities, and between natives according to tribe. Out of that colonial experience issued a modern language of pluralism and difference. A mid-nineteenth-century crisis of empire attracted the attention of British intellectuals and led to a reconception of the colonial mission, and to reforms in India, British Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. The new politics, inspired by Sir Henry Maine, established that natives were bound by geography and custom, rather than history and law, and made this the basis of administrative practice. Maine’s theories were later translated into “native administration” in the African colonies. Mamdani takes the case of Sudan to demonstrate how colonial law established tribal identity as the basis for determining access to land and political power, and follows this law’s legacy to contemporary Darfur. He considers the intellectual and political dimensions of African movements toward decolonization by focusing on two key figures: the Nigerian historian Yusuf Bala Usman, who argued for an alternative to colonial historiography, and Tanzania’s first president, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, who realized that colonialism’s political logic was legal and administrative, not military, and could be dismantled through nonviolent reforms.