Defect-Induced Magnetism in Oxide Semiconductors provides an overview of the latest advances in defect engineering to create new magnetic materials and enable new technological applications. First, the book introduces the mechanisms, behavior, and theory of magnetism in oxide semiconductors and reviews the methods of inducing magnetism in these materials. Then, strategies such as pulsed laser deposition and RF sputtering to grow oxide nanostructured materials with induced magnetism are discussed. This is followed by a review of the most relevant postdeposition methods to induce magnetism in oxide semiconductors including annealing, ion irradiation, and ion implantation. Examples of defect-induced magnetism in oxide semiconductors are provided along with selected applications. This book is a suitable reference for academic researchers and practitioners and for people engaged in research and development in the disciplines of materials science and engineering. Reviews the magnetic, electrical, dielectric and optical properties of oxide semiconductors with defect-induced magnetism Discusses growth and post-deposition strategies to grow oxide nanostructured materials such as oxide thin films with defect-induced magnetism Provides examples of materials with defect-induced magnetism such as zinc oxide, cerium dioxide, hafnium dioxide, and more

This work focuses on the impact of defects, intrinsic or artificially introduced, on the functional properties of thin, epitaxial oxide films. In the first part, the origin of the ferromagnetic properties of Mn-doped and undoped zinc oxide is studied. The deposition conditions are found to have a significant impact on the structural, transport and magnetic properties of the thin films. Combining x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and magnetometry experiments, it is established that the transition metal dopants (i.e. Mn) have no influence on the ferromagnetic nature of the zinc oxide, but that localised magnetic moments on intrinsic defects are in fact responsible for the ferromagnetic behaviour. A relation between strain (related to defect concentration) and magnetisation is established. In the second part of this dissertation, artificially introduced defects are employed in order to discover the fundamental conduction mechanism behind the two-dimensionally conductive LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. All experiments, from varying deposition temperature, to oxygen pressure, to laser fluence or to the insertion of (doped) perovskite layers, point towards a structurally governed conduction mechanism, although the exact details are still unclear. Distinct transitions in the resistance versus temperature curves are observed at different values than the bulk phase transformation temperature. These transitions form the boundaries of different conduction modes, with tendencies towards non-Fermi-liquid behaviour observed in certain two-dimensionally conducting samples in limited temperature regimes. By optimising the (defect) structure at the interface, i.e. by introducing a single unit cell of (La0.5,Sr0.5)TiO3 or SnTiO3, it is shown that the sheet carrier density can be dramatically enhanced, up to an order of magnitude higher than unmodified LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces with a value of 1e14 cm-2 at 200 K. Finally, attempts at functionalising the conductive heterointerface by doping and inserting (anti)ferromagnetic layers are made.

Calcium phosphate materials are used in many medical and dental applications. Advanced Synthesis and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphates covers the structure, chemistry, synthesis, and properties of both natural and synthetic calcium-based biomaterials and details a variety of medical applications. Depicts the latest advances in using calcium phosphates in bone regeneration and tissue engineering Includes the latest generation of regenerative biomaterials with an integrated perspective combining both research and clinical issues Provides an understanding of the clinical targets and requirements for regenerative medicine Detailing fundamentals through applications, this book helps biomaterials researchers to better understand the clinical targets and requirements for use of these materials for optimal synthesis and development.

Calcium-based natural minerals are important for a wide range of applications. Though these materials are available in nature, researchers are working toward developing them in the laboratory. Calcium-Based Materials: Processing, Characterization, and Applications introduces the possibility of designing these materials for particular applications. Introduces a variety of calcium-based materials and discusses synthesis, growth, and stability Provides in-depth coverage of calcium carbonate Discusses applications of calcium-based minerals in different fields Includes details on synchrotron X-ray tools for case minerals This comprehensive text is aimed at researchers in materials science, engineering, and bioengineering.

This book provides an overview of the applications of ion beam techniques in oxide materials. Oxide materials exhibit defect-induced physical properties relevant to applications in sensing, optoelectronics and spintronics. Defects in these oxide materials also lead to magnetism in non-magnetic materials or to a change of magnetic ordering in magnetic materials. Thus, an understanding of defects is of immense importance. To date, ion beam tools are considered the most effective techniques for producing controlled defects in these oxides. This book will detail the ion beam tools utilized for creating defects in oxides.

Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. Originally widely known as the "Willardson and Beer" Series, it has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. The series publishes timely, highly relevant volumes intended for long-term impact and reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field. The volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in academia, scientific laboratories and modern industry. Written and edited by internationally renowned experts Relevant to a wide readership: physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in academia, scientific laboratories and modern industry