When educators actively support student-led classroom discussions, students develop essential critical-thinking, problem-solving, and self-directed learning skills. This book details a framework for implementing student-led classroom discussions that improve student learning, motivation, and engagement across all levels and subject areas.

No detailed description available for "An anatomy of speech notions".

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Text, Speech, and Dialogue, TSD 2020, held in Brno, Czech Republic, in September 2020.* The 54 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named text, speech, and dialogue. The book also contains 3 invited talks. * The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Índice abreviado: I. FEATURES OF NARRATIVE IN FICTION 1. Narrativity and eventfulness 2. Fictionality II. THE ENTITIES IN A NARRATIVE WORK 1. Model of communications levels 2. The abstract author 3. The abstract reader 4. The fictive narrator 5. The fictive reader III. POINT OF VIEW 1. Theories of point of view, perspective, and focalization 2. A model of narrative point of view IV. NARRATOR'S TEXT AND CHARACTERS' TEXT 1. The two components of the narrative text 2. Ornamental prose and shaz 3. The interference of narrator's text and characters' text V. NARRATIVE CONSTITUTION: HAPPENINGS-STORY-NARRATIVE- PESENTATION OF THE NARRATIVE 1. "Fabula" and "sujet" in Russian formalism 2. The overcoming of formalist reductionism 3. The four narrative tiers.

Automated Speaking Assessment: Using Language Technologies to Score Spontaneous Speech provides a thorough overview of state-of-the-art automated speech scoring technology as it is currently used at Educational Testing Service (ETS). Its main focus is related to the automated scoring of spontaneous speech elicited by TOEFL iBT Speaking section items, but other applications of speech scoring, such as for more predictable spoken responses or responses provided in a dialogic setting, are also discussed. The book begins with an in-depth overview of the nascent field of automated speech scoring—its history, applications, and challenges—followed by a discussion of psychometric considerations for automated speech scoring. The second and third parts discuss the integral main components of an automated speech scoring system as well as the different types of automatically generated measures extracted by the system features related to evaluate the speaking construct of communicative competence as measured defined by the TOEFL iBT Speaking assessment. Finally, the last part of the book touches on more recent developments, such as providing more detailed feedback on test takers’ spoken responses using speech features and scoring of dialogic speech. It concludes with a discussion, summary, and outlook on future developments in this area. Written with minimal technical details for the benefit of non-experts, this book is an ideal resource for graduate students in courses on Language Testing and Assessment as well as teachers and researchers in applied linguistics.

ÒBoys are emotionally illiterate and donÕt want intimate friendships.Ó In this empirically grounded challenge to our stereotypes about boys and men, Niobe Way reveals the intense intimacy among teenage boys especially during early and middle adolescence. Boys not only share their deepest secrets and feelings with their closest male friends, they claim that without them they would go Òwacko.Ó Yet as boys become men, they become distrustful, lose these friendships, and feel isolated and alone. Drawing from hundreds of interviews conducted throughout adolescence with black, Latino, white, and Asian American boys, Deep Secrets reveals the ways in which we have been telling ourselves a false story about boys, friendships, and human nature. BoysÕ descriptions of their male friendships sound more like Òsomething out of Love Story than Lord of the Flies.Ó Yet in late adolescence, boys feel they have to Òman upÓ by becoming stoic and independent. Vulnerable emotions and intimate friendships are for girls and gay men. ÒNo homoÓ becomes their mantra. These findings are alarming, given what we know about links between friendships and health, and even longevity. Rather than a Òboy crisis,Ó Way argues that boys are experiencing a Òcrisis of connectionÓ because they live in a culture where human needs and capacities are given a sex (female) and a sexuality (gay), and thus discouraged for those who are neither. Way argues that the solution lies with exposing the inaccuracies of our gender stereotypes and fostering these critical relationships and fundamental human skills.