Accurate description of materials requires the most advanced atomic-scale techniques from both experimental and theoretical areas. In spite of the vast number of available techniques, however, the experimental study of the atomic-scale properties and phenomena even in simple solids is rather difficult. In steels the challenges become more complex due to the interplay between the structural, chemical and magnetic effects. On the other hand, advanced computational methods based on density functional theory ensure a proper platform for studying the fundamental properties of steel materials from first-principles. In 1980's the first-principles description of the thermodynamic properties of elemental iron was still on the borderline of atomistic simulations. Today the numerous application- oriented activities at the industrial and academic sectors are paired by a rapidly increasing scientific interest. This is reflected by the number of publications on ab initio steel research, which has increased from null to about one thousand within the last two decades. Our research group has a well established position in developing and applying computational codes for steel related applications. Using our ab initio tools, we have presented an insight to the electronic and magnetic structure, and micromechanical properties of austenite and ferrite stainless steel alloys. In the present contribution, we review the most important developments within the ab initio quantum mechanics aided steel design with special emphasis on the role of magnetism on the fundamental properties of alloy steels.

Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

This report is a graphical summary of the elevated-temperature strength data for medium-carbon alloy steels. It includes summary curves for tensile strength; 0.2 per cent offset yield strength; per cent elongation and reduction in area; stresses for rupture in 100, 1000, 10,000, and 100,000 hr; and stresses for creep rates of 0.0001 and 0.00001 per cent per hour (one per cent in 10,000 and 100,000 hr). Data for 27 steels representing approximately a dozen alloy types are given. This report also contains data for a few miscellaneous low-carbon alloy steels.

This book describes new methods for building intelligent systems using type-2 fuzzy logic and soft computing (SC) techniques. The authors extend the use of fuzzy logic to a higher order, which is called type-2 fuzzy logic. Combining type-2 fuzzy logic with traditional SC techniques, we can build powerful hybrid intelligent systems that can use the advantages that each technique offers. This book is intended to be a major reference tool and can be used as a textbook.