This book explores cybersecurity research and development efforts, including ideas that deal with the growing challenge of how computing engineering can merge with neuroscience. The contributing authors, who are renowned leaders in this field, thoroughly examine new technologies that will automate security procedures and perform autonomous functions with decision making capabilities. To maximize reader insight into the range of professions dealing with increased cybersecurity issues, this book presents work performed by government, industry, and academic research institutions working at the frontier of cybersecurity and network sciences. Cybersecurity Systems for Human Cognition Augmentation is designed as a reference for practitioners or government employees working in cybersecurity. Advanced-level students or researchers focused on computer engineering or neuroscience will also find this book a useful resource.

This publication highlights the fast-moving technological advancement and infiltration of Artificial Intelligence into society. Concepts of evolution of society through interconnectivity are explored, together with how the fusion of human and technological interaction leading to Augmented Humanity is fast becoming more than just an endemic phase, but a cultural phase shift to digital societies. It aims to balance both the positive progressive outlooks such developments bring with potential issues that may stem from innovation of this kind, such as the invasive procedures of bio hacking or ethical connotations concerning the usage of digital twins. This publication will also give the reader a good level of understanding on fundamental cyber defence principles, interactions with Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) and the Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) decision-making framework. A detailed view of the cyber-attack landscape will be garnered; touching on the tactics, techniques and procedures used, red and blue teaming initiatives, cyber resilience and the protection of larger scale systems. The integration of AI, smart societies, the human-centric approach and Augmented Humanity is discernible in the exponential growth, collection and use of [big] data; concepts woven throughout the diversity of topics covered in this publication; which also discusses the privacy and transparency of data ownership, and the potential dangers of exploitation through social media. As humans are become ever more interconnected, with the prolificacy of smart wearable devices and wearable body area networks, the availability of and abundance of user data and metadata derived from individuals has grown exponentially. The notion of data ownership, privacy and situational awareness are now at the forefront in this new age.

Tools and technologies have long complemented and extended our physical abilities: from pre-historic spearheads to steam-propelled ploughs and high-tech prosthetics. While the development of lenses granted us insights into the micro and macrocosms, new sensors and technologies increasingly augment our cognitive abilities, including memory and perception. This book integrates current research efforts, results, and visions from the fields of computer science, neuroscience, and psychology. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and future applications of how technologies assist and augment human perception and cognition. Experts in the field share their research and findings on: Working memory enhancements Digitization of memories through lifelog archives The consequences of technology-induced disruptions and forgetting The creation and utilization of new human senses Ethical and security concerns that arise with augmentation technologies. As technology weaves itself ever deeper into our lives, careful examination of its capabilities, risks and benefits is warranted. While this book focuses on the complementation and augmentation of human capabilities, it serves as a foundation for students, researchers and designers of technologies that push the boundaries of perception and cognition.

"The more we know about smart and intelligent systems and their use, the more productive organizations can become, and the more quality of life will improve."—Gavriel Salvendy, President Academy of Science, Engineering and Medicine of Florida, University Distinguished Professor University of Central Florida" "Robots, drones, self-driving cars, and personal assistants are only some of the ‘intelligent’ and ‘smart’ systems which are populating our world and changing the way we use technology to carry out our everyday activities, bringing about both exciting opportunities for human-technology symbiosis, as well as compelling design and development challenges. Through a carefully selected choice of chapters, authored by top scientists in the field, this book, edited by Abbas Moallem, sheds light on fundamental aspects of intelligent and smart systems, investigating the role and impact of affective and psychophysiological computing, machine learning, cybersecurity, agent transparency, and human-agent teaming in the shaping of this new interaction paradigm, as well as the human factors involved in their application in critical domains such as health, education, and manufacturing in the emerging technological landscape."—Constantine Stephanidis, Professor of Computer Science, University of Crete, Distinguished member of Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH) In today’s digital world, the words "smart" and intelligent" are now used to label devices, machinery, systems, and even environments. What is a "smart" system? Is "smart" synonymous with "intelligent"? If not, what does an "intelligent system" mean? Are all smart systems intelligent? This book tries to answer these questions by summarizing the existing research in various areas and providing new research findings. Smart and Intelligent Systems: The Human Elements in Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Cybersecurity presents new areas of smart and intelligent system design. It defines smart and intelligent systems, offers a human factors approach, discusses networking applications, and combines the human element with smart and intelligent systems. This book is perfect for engineering students in data sciences and artificial intelligence and practitioners at all levels in the fields of human factors and ergonomics, systems engineering, computer science, software engineering, and robotics.

This book presents the latest research in cognitive security, a rapidly emerging field that addresses the vulnerabilities in human behavior and cognition that can lead to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) compromise. This book demonstrates that as adversaries increasingly use manipulative and deceptive information to disrupt human cognitive processes, including sensation, attention, memory, and mental operations, humans are misled into fallacious reasoning and manipulated decisions that can lead to system-level meltdown. Cognitive security aims to protect humans from the exploitation of cognitive vulnerabilities, help them make informed decisions that are free from manipulation and undue influence, and mitigate the aggravating risk in the ensuing steps of the attacker’s kill chain. This book offers solutions that work across different fields, such as psychology, neuroscience, data science, social science, and game theory, to deal with cognitive threats. It guides the reader through the core ideas with figures, real-life examples, and case studies. Moreover, it formally defines all research questions, presents the results using mathematical theorems and proofs, and obtains insights through numerical validation. This book provides a self-contained and brief overview of essential system-scientific tools for modeling, analyzing, and mitigating cognitive vulnerabilities. The concepts of human cognitive capacities and cognitive vulnerabilities are formally discussed, followed by two case studies in the scenarios of reactive and proactive attention vulnerabilities. This book provides insights and applications on this transdisciplinary topic, with the goal of motivating future research in this emerging area and pushing the frontier of human-technology convergence. This book is a valuable reference for researchers and advanced-level students studying or working in cognitive security and related fields. It is also useful for decision-makers, managers, and professionals working within these related fields.

Today, when a security incident happens, the top three questions a cyber operation center would ask are: What has happened? Why did it happen? What should I do? Answers to the first two questions form the core of Cyber Situation Awareness (SA). Whether the last question can be satisfactorily addressed is largely dependent upon the cyber situation awareness capability of an enterprise. The goal of this book is to present a summary of recent research advances in the development of highly desirable Cyber Situation Awareness capabilities. The 8 invited full papers presented in this volume are organized around the following topics: computer-aided human centric cyber situation awareness; computer and information science aspects of the recent advances in cyber situation awareness; learning and decision making aspects of the recent advances in cyber situation awareness; cognitive science aspects of the recent advances in cyber situation awareness