Crusaders of the Twentieth Century
Title | Crusaders of the Twentieth Century PDF eBook |
Author | Walter Ayscoughe Rice |
Publisher | |
Pages | 572 |
Release | 1910 |
Genre | Christianity and other religions |
ISBN |
Twentieth Century Crusaders
Title | Twentieth Century Crusaders PDF eBook |
Author | Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. Passenger Traffic Department |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | |
Genre | School field trips |
ISBN |
Racisms
Title | Racisms PDF eBook |
Author | Francisco Bethencourt |
Publisher | Princeton University Press |
Pages | 460 |
Release | 2015-09-15 |
Genre | History |
ISBN | 0691169756 |
A groundbreaking history of racism Racisms is the first comprehensive history of racism, from the Crusades to the twentieth century. Demonstrating that there is not one continuous tradition of racism, Francisco Bethencourt shows that racism preceded any theories of race and must be viewed within the prism and context of social hierarchies and local conditions. In this richly illustrated book, Bethencourt argues that in its various aspects, all racism has been triggered by political projects monopolizing specific economic and social resources. Racisms focuses on the Western world, but opens comparative views on ethnic discrimination and segregation in Asia and Africa. Bethencourt looks at different forms of racism, and explores instances of enslavement, forced migration, and ethnic cleansing, while analyzing how practices of discrimination and segregation were defended. This is a major interdisciplinary work that moves away from ideas of linear or innate racism and recasts our understanding of interethnic relations.
Crusaders of the 20th Century --
Title | Crusaders of the 20th Century -- PDF eBook |
Author | Samuel Trexler |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | 1926 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
The Twentieth Century Crusade
Title | The Twentieth Century Crusade PDF eBook |
Author | Lyman Abbott |
Publisher | |
Pages | 140 |
Release | 1918 |
Genre | World War, 1914-1918 |
ISBN |
Crusaders of the Twentieth Century
Title | Crusaders of the Twentieth Century PDF eBook |
Author | Samuel G. Trexler |
Publisher | |
Pages | 170 |
Release | 1926 |
Genre | Lutheran Church |
ISBN |
A Twentieth-Century Crusade
Title | A Twentieth-Century Crusade PDF eBook |
Author | Giuliana Chamedes |
Publisher | Harvard University Press |
Pages | 441 |
Release | 2019-06-17 |
Genre | History |
ISBN | 067423913X |
The first comprehensive history of the Vatican’s agenda to defeat the forces of secular liberalism and communism through international law, cultural diplomacy, and a marriage of convenience with authoritarian and right-wing rulers. After the United States entered World War I and the Russian Revolution exploded, the Vatican felt threatened by forces eager to reorganize the European international order and cast the Church out of the public sphere. In response, the papacy partnered with fascist and right-wing states as part of a broader crusade that made use of international law and cultural diplomacy to protect European countries from both liberal and socialist taint. A Twentieth-Century Crusade reveals that papal officials opposed Woodrow Wilson’s international liberal agenda by pressing governments to sign concordats assuring state protection of the Church in exchange for support from the masses of Catholic citizens. These agreements were implemented in Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany, as well as in countries like Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. In tandem, the papacy forged a Catholic International—a political and diplomatic foil to the Communist International—which spread a militant anticommunist message through grassroots organizations and new media outlets. It also suppressed Catholic antifascist tendencies, even within the Holy See itself. Following World War II, the Church attempted to mute its role in strengthening fascist states, as it worked to advance its agenda in partnership with Christian Democratic parties and a generation of Cold War warriors. The papal mission came under fire after Vatican II, as Church-state ties weakened and antiliberalism and anticommunism lost their appeal. But—as Giuliana Chamedes shows in her groundbreaking exploration—by this point, the Vatican had already made a lasting mark on Eastern and Western European law, culture, and society.