Essay from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, grade: 1,7 (A-), University of Glamorgan, course: International Business and Export Management, language: English, abstract: The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the last Communist State in the world (Roberts and Kynge, 2003). Mao Zedong, the leader from 1949 until 1976, pursued a radical politicsorientated and self-sustained policy, which “had China’s door closed in front of the foreign countries” (Yahoo! Inc., 2003). Deng Xiaoping succeeded Mao Zedong and launched his economic reform programme, called the “Open Door” policy, in 1978, which encouraged foreign investment (Yahoo! Inc., 2003). This was the beginning of a new era for China. A great deal of international investors tried to gain a foothold in China’s fast growing markets in the form of joint ventures or direct investment. This paper is devoted to the joint venture (JV), and investigates whether or not this form of enterprise is the ideal strategy to enter the Chinese market. After a short survey of the Chinese economy, JV’s will be defined. The explanation of JV’s is made under consideration of the distinctive features of the Chinese culture. A lot of enterprises and JV’s as well failed because it is not easy to deal with the Chinese. This essay reports about failures of a Western JV and tries to examine the causes. Examples of successful JV’s are described as well before concluding whether or not “Joint ventures are the ideal entry strategy to use when entering the Chinese market for the first time; it is a win-win situation”.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1.3, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, language: English, abstract: The concept of the joint venture was developed in the United States. First, we need to make a distinction between purely contractual, non-equity joint ventures, on the one hand, and equity or corporate joint ventures, on the other. The regular form of joint venture is a company that is founded out of equity provided from two other entities. This venture is similar to a business partnership but limited to a specific project or purpose. The equity joint venture manifests the founding firms‟ willingness to cooperate by providing each a certain percentage of the common capital stock as illustrated in the graphic below (in this case with each partner providing half of the capital stock).There are countless ways to build up an equity joint venture with each partner providing only a certain percentage of the common capital stock (e.g. 70/30%, 90/10%, 51/49% and so forth). The firms gain control over the founded joint venture and share revenues, expenses and assets in equal proportion to their respective contributions to the venture‟s registered capital. Differing arrangements are possible. Over the last decade, we were able to witness rapidly growing companies, some of them seeking for partnerships to take advantage of positive synergy effects to gain in size or to enter new foreign markets. The topic of this essay should be why firms seek to venture, what the benefits of venturing are and why some firms fail after the venture, what are the downsides of this concept?

The authors show that the sucess of a joint venture in the People's Rebublic of China, to a considerable extent, depends on understanding the Chinese perspective. They not only offer this perspective, but mingle it with the Western view. This book provides information not readily available in Western literature. The authors help the reader develop a feel for Chinese ideology, culture and infrastructure. Chapter by chapter, they show that successful joint ventures in the PRC are definitely feasible.

This brand new guide book is a comprehensive overview of establishing joint ventures in China. It details all applicable decision making processes such as assessing your potential partner, choosing the relevant JV structure, conducting legal and financial due diligence. The guide contains complete JV contract and articles of association as well as an overview of JV law, details negotiation issues, land use rights, IP Protection and technology transfer, in addition to tips on staff hiring and HR. It also describes the tax and audit responsibilities in addition to buying out a JV partner and liquidations. It is a concise, detailed yet pragmatic guide of use to anyone considering or owning a JV in China.