Tax Crimes, now in it's Second Edition, covers both the substantive and procedural issues involved in the investigation, prosecution, and defense of criminal tax cases. The book begins with an overview of the criminal tax system and the personnel involved followed by the elements of the numerous crimes for which a defendant may be charged, focusing on key aspects such as willfulness. Next, the book covers how tax cases are investigated, including the most common steps from a civil tax examination through indictment. These chapters examine the tools the Government has at its disposal to obtain information, as well as the defenses a person under investigation may assert. The book then turns to trial and sentencing issues, including the ethical issues and collateral consequences that arise in the investigation and litigation of criminal tax cases. Finally, the book provides a review of the criminal tax system, allowing the reader to put all the foregoing concepts together, with a special emphasis on practical tips for handling these complex and exciting cases. Each chapter closes with a practical problem designed to highlight some of the key issues addressed in the cases and materials. The problems are based on situations encountered in practice or found in decided cases and many of them require analysis of a given set of facts to first determine and then resolve the critical issues.

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

This open access book provides the first-ever comparative study on criminal policy concerning the illicit trade of tobacco, conducted among four comparatively new EU Member States (Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Romania) and two "old" EU countries (Germany and Italy). The book addresses the national legal frameworks, current criminological situation regarding illicit trade of tobacco, and the practical challenges faced by national law enforcement authorities in the countries examined. It also considers the international framework, and concludes with a horizontal report. The objective of the book is to highlight legislative and practical challenges in the fight against illegal tobacco products at the national and transnational level, and to formulate recommendations for overcoming them more effectively in Europe.--