The ethnic pluralism of the Holy Land is unparalleled elsewhere. Whatever period of history, or even of prehistory, one chooses to consider, the land, due to its geographical position, was always home to diverse ethne and cultures and a capturer of influences from nearby and faraway countries. The same pluralism accounts for an unparalleled coexistence of languages and scripts. Greek and Latin, Hebrew, Jewish, Christian and Samaritan Aramaic, each with its own script, pre-Islamic Arabic in Nabataean and Old Arabic scripts, the occasional Syriac, Palmyrene, Armenian and Georgian inscriptions, Safaitic and Thamudic graffiti in the eastern and southern fringes: all are attested in late antique Holy Land, sometimes influencing one another in vocabulary and formulas. Still, Greek is the prevailing vehicle of written communication from its first appearance in the region in the fourth century BCE to the end of Late Antiquity in the late eighth or early ninth century, and it will draw most of the attention in these pages.

The linguistic history of Northwest Syria spans more than 6,000 years, starting with the emergence of Semitic languages. This book takes the reader on a journey through the region's linguistic evolution, highlighting key events that influenced its course. Each chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the language spoken during a unique period, focusing on Eblaite, Amorite, Aramaic, and Arabic, and diving deep into the features of various Aramaic and Arabic dialects. With three glossaries included, this book is a valuable resource for linguists, historians, and Semitic studies enthusiasts interested in historical linguistics and ancient languages.

Studying the New Testament through Inscriptions is an intuitive introduction to inscriptions from the Greco-Roman world. Inscriptions can help contextualize certain events associated with the New Testament in a way that many widely circulated literary texts do not. This book both introduces inscriptions and demonstrates sound methodological use of them in the study of the New Testament. Through five case studies, it highlights the largely unrecognized ability of inscriptions to shed light on early Christian history, practice, and the leadership structure of early Christian churches, as well as to solve certain New Testament exegetical impasses. Key points and features: • No other book like this on the marketthis is the first of its kind! • A practical and much-needed tool for graduate students, seminarians, and pastors • Showcases five detailed case studies, designed to show students exactly how to use inscriptions • Includes 20+ black and white photos • Three appendices provide additional information for those who want to learn more

The aim of this book is to explore the history and culture of the Nabataeans, using the inscriptions not just as a complement to ilustrate the text but as a primary source of information. It is based on the conviction that the inscriptions can be enjoyed not only by the specialists but also by those who are curious and want to learn about them.

A representative sample of 80 inscriptions and documents in various local Aramaic dialects, dating from the first centuries BC, when the Near East was under Roman rule. Detailed commentaries on the texts, chapters on history and culture and on epigraphy and language, and English translations are also provided.