Preliminary material -- CAMPANIA -- SAMNIUM -- APULIA AND CALABRIA -- LUCANIA AND BRUTTIUM -- ITALIA MERIDIONALIS -- SICILIA -- MARRUCINI, PAELIGNI, SABINI AND PICENUM -- UMBRIA -- ETRURIA -- SARDINIA -- GALLIA CISPADANA -- VENETIA AND HISTRIA -- GALLIA TRANSPADANA -- LIGURIA -- ITALIA -- GENERAL INDEX -- EPIGRAPHICAL INDEX -- NAMES OF PERSONS -- LIST OF CONSULS -- LIST OF EMPERORS AND EMPRESSES -- ADMINISTRATIVE AND MILITARY GRADES AND FUNCTIONS -- RELIGIOUS GRADES AND FUNCTIONS -- CHRONOLOGICAL LIST -- INDEX OF THE CORRESPONDING INSCRIPTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS OF THE PLATES -- PLATES I-CXI FOLDING MAP.

Preliminary material /M. J. Vermaseren -- ROME /M. J. Vermaseren -- Exact Place where the Finds were made not known; preserved in Rome /M. J. Vermaseren -- Exact Place where the Finds were made not known; preserved outside Rome /M. J. Vermaseren -- Exact Place where the Finds were made known; Rome or near Rome, outside the Aurelian wall /M. J. Vermaseren -- OSTIA AND PORTUS /M. J. Vermaseren -- OTHER CITIES IN LATIUM /M. J. Vermaseren -- GENERAL INDEX /M. J. Vermaseren -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS OF THE PLATES /M. J. Vermaseren -- PLATES /M. J. Vermaseren.

Private associations organized around a common cult, profession, ethnic identity, neighbourhood or family were common throughout the Greco-Roman antiquity, offering opportunities for sociability, cultic activities, mutual support and a context in which to display and recognize virtuous achievement. This volume collects a representative selection of inscriptions from associations in Attica, Central Greece, Macedonia, Thrace, published with English translations, brief explanatory notes, commentaries and full indices. This volume is essential for several areas of study: ancient patterns of social organization; the organization of diasporic communities in the ancient Mediterranean; models for the structure of early Christian groups; and forms of sociability, status-displays, and the vocabularies of virtue.

From generation to generation, people experience their landscapes differently. Humans depend on their natural environment: it shapes their behavior while it is often felt that deities responsible for both natural benefits and natural calamities (such as droughts, famines, floods and landslides) need to be appeased. We presume that, in many societies, lakes, rivers, rocks, mountains, caves and groves were considered sacred. Individual sites and entire landscapes are often associated with divine actions, mythical heroes and etiological myths. Throughout human history, people have also felt the need to monumentalize their sacred landscape. But this is where the similarities end as different societies had very different understandings, believes and practices. The aim of this new thematic appraisal is to scrutinize carefully our evidence and rethink our methodologies in a multi-disciplinary approach. More than 30 papers investigate diverse sacred landscapes from the Iberian peninsula and Britain in the west to China in the east. They discuss how to interpret the intricate web of ciphers and symbols in the landscape and how people might have experienced it. We see the role of performance, ritual, orality, textuality and memory in people’s sacred landscapes. A diachronic view allows us to study how landscapes were ‘rewritten’, adapted and redefined in the course of time to suit new cultural, political and religious understandings, not to mention the impact of urbanism on people’s understandings. A key question is how was the landscape manipulated, transformed and monumentalized – especially the colossal investments in monumental architecture we see in certain socio-historic contexts or the creation of an alternative humanmade, seemingly ‘non-natural’ landscape, with perfectly astronomically aligned buildings that define a cosmological order? Sacred Landscapes therefore aims to analyze the complex links between landscape, ‘religiosity’ and society, developing a dialectic framework that explores sacred landscapes across the ancient world in a dynamic, holistic, contextual and historical perspective.