This paper investigates the short-term and long-term stock performance of firms that undergo corporate inversions. The results show that the market response to the initial inversion announcement differs based on the type of inversion. Merger & Acquisition (M&A) and restructuring inversions are perceived positively by the market, but naked inversions do not generate a price response. Furthermore, acquirers in inversion-related M&A transactions generate a price premium that is in excess of what is typically generated by acquirers in non-inversion M&A. In the long-run, firms that invert through naked and M&A inversions do not generate significant excess returns above the S&P 500. In contrast, restructured inverted firms generate significant excess returns of 214.53%. Collectively, however, the results suggest that corporate inversion alone is not an indicator of future stock returns.

This paper conducts a study on the short and long-term equity performance of companies that have underwent corporate inversion since Section 7874, which considerably redefined the mechanisms of inversion. Prior studies have concluded only mixed market reaction to the announcement of inversion, on average, despite evidence that these transactions result in long- term effective tax rate reductions. Because equity prices should immediately correct for any changes in long-term expectations, one would expect the market to react positively to the announcements. Meanwhile, a concurrent study by Elizabeth Chorvat has identified that pre- 2004 inversions have created statistically and economically significant long-term outperformance. Many of the cost associated with inversion, especially post-2004 inversion, are difficult to accurately define. The continued prevalence of inversion, coupled with the enigmatic nature of inversions costs, suggests more recent inversions may also be mispriced. Utilizing a Fama and French 5 Factor Model, this study identifies -4.47% of average long-term annualized abnormal returns for companies that have underwent inversion since 2004. Coupled with both the positive market reaction to post-2004 inversion announcements and Chorvats findings, this suggests that the market may initially underestimate the costs of inversion associated with Section 7874 at the time of announcement.

This paper assesses the economic factors associated with corporate inversions, including the 48 inversions that have occurred since the analysis of Desai and Hines (2002). The analysis presented here is observational, not causal, as it examines how the business activities of firms that chose to invert changed after expatriation. In addition to statistically assessing the equity market's reaction to inversion announcements, this paper examines how firms alter their patterns of employment and investment after inversion. In particular, the paper follows how the foreign shares of an inverting firm's employment and investment change following inversion, relative to comparable non-inverting firms. The behavior of inverting firms following expatriation is assessed going back to 1980 as well as only after the 2004 policy change, which made expatriation through merger with a foreign firm with substantive foreign business activities more attractive. The results suggest that inverting firms have higher shares of the employees and capital expenditures located abroad after inversion relative to changes experienced by similar non-inverting firms. Further, these increases are not attributable to one-time changes due to the inclusion of a new foreign partner's existing workforce and ongoing investments; foreign shares of employment and investment are higher two and more years after inversion relative to the first year just after inversion when any one-time increases would register.

The intersection of corporate governance, financial performance, and long-term value creation is critical to effective sustainability in business. Effective corporate governance provides the framework for accountability and ethical decision-making, directly influencing a company's financial health and its capacity for long-term growth. Such tactics also ensure transparency and trust, enhancing financial performance by mitigating risks and optimizing resource allocation. Successful business operations involve long-term value creation, which involves investing in innovation, sustainability, and stakeholder relationships. Effective research into governance structures that support both immediate financial objectives and enduring value creation is necessary to ensure businesses thrive and achieve a sustainable future. Intersecting Corporate Governance, Financial Performance, and Long-Term Value Creation explores the convergence of corporate governance, finance, and value creation in business. It offers solutions for long-term business sustainability through various models of governance and banking and finance applications. This book covers topics such as energy engineering, Islamic finance, and sustainable development, and is a useful resource for business owners, government officials, finance professionals, engineers, scientists, academicians, and researchers.

This paper reviews the rapidly growing empirical literature on international tax avoidance by multinational corporations. It surveys evidence on main channels of corporate tax avoidance including transfer mispricing, international debt shifting, treaty shopping, tax deferral and corporate inversions. Moreover, it performs a meta analysis of the extensive literature that estimates the overall size of profit shifting. We find that the literature suggests that, on average, a 1 percentage-point lower corporate tax rate will expand before-tax income by 1 percent—an effect that is larger than reported as the consensus estimate in previous surveys and tends to be increasing over time. The literature on tax avoidance still has several unresolved puzzles and blind spots that require further research.

Global investment patterns mean that effective taxation of foreign investors is of increasing importance to the economies of lower income countries. It is thus of considerable concern that the historical framework for cross-border income tax arrangements is not always well suited to allow low-income countries (LICs) effectively to generate tax revenues from profits on foreign direct investment (FDI). Several aspects of this framework contribute to the problem. This paper discusses, in particular, the likely effect of a shift by major economies from the system of worldwide corporate taxation toward a territorial system on the volume, distribution, and financing of FDI, focusing on LICs. It then empirically analyzes bilateral outbound FDI data for the UK for 2002–10 to determine whether the move to territoriality made corporations more sensitive to hostcountry statutory tax rates. Supporting evidence for this hypothesis is found for FDI financed from new equity.