With the huge experience more than a decade as an author, co-author and reviewer, the editors decided to share the knowledge on the current problem which is COVID-19. The information about corona virus and its impact on various aspects including society, economy and the quality of life is clearly given in this book. The virus has been spread across the globe and troubling the mankind. Till date, several countries have been damaged literally not only with the lives, but also with the loss of economy, mental ability, psychological issues etc. More variants of this virus have also been observed with more severity and damage to the humans. This pandemic affected the life of the people socially, economically, physically, and mentally. The human loss through this pandemic cannot be recovered. The awareness about the virus, its transmission and precautions, causative ways, different methods of drugs etc. needs to be provided to the layman and as whole to the community. This book mainly aims to answer all the above raised issues and worked out thoroughly. Thus, this book is a comprehensive information with basic knowledge about different aspects surrounding COVID-19. Layman, Young researchers, basic science graduates, medical and clinical sciences graduates, students, hospital workers, nurses, doctors, engineers, and every professional area of people can benefit from this book.

The National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) is the result of many years in the planning, and it finally officially opened its doors in September 2019, just months before the entire world was tested by the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is the work of many people who represent an even larger pool of people from NCID, Singapore and the rest of the world in trying to understand and contain the SARS- CoV-2 virus. There are chapters on science, the public health response both locally and globally, as well as personal reflections from NCID and Tan Tock Seng Hospital staff and staff from other public healthcare institutions who were deployed to NCID which bring home the human impact of the pandemic. We are very grateful to all the authors for taking the time to put together their thoughtful chapters as well as the senior academics and public health leaders who have provided us with generous comments on the manuscript. We hope that the readers of the book will gain a better insight into the response to the virus from so many different perspectives. Although the pandemic has evolved far beyond the pages of this book globally, the lessons learned from the early days are still relevant. We hope that the chapters will be helpful as we review our experience of this pandemic and face the next emerging infectious disease in the years to come.This book provides a comprehensive look at many different aspects of response in Singapore to the pandemic in the crucial first several months, including clinical, laboratory, epidemiology, research, community engagement and the unprecedented challenge of outbreak involving migrant workers in dormitory settings. On a personal note, it has first-hand accounts of staff at the NCID who were at the forefront of battling COVID-19 in Singapore. It also gives a global perspective of the pandemic, together with insights into the unique Singapore experience of managing the pandemic. The Singapore response to the pandemic has been something which the global community has been very interested in and this book is the first to comprehensively describe that response from a number of different angles which will be useful to scientists, clinicians, public health professionals and policy makers.

This book presents various practical breakthroughs of 3D printing (3DP) technologies in developing different types of tool and gadgets to be used against COVID-19 pandemic. It presents multidisciplinary aspects of 3DP technology in social, medical, administration, and scientific areas. This book presents state-of-the-art applications of 3DP technology in the development of PPE, ventilators, respiratory equipments, and customized drugs. It provides a comprehensive collection of the technical notes, research designs, literature prospective, and clinical applications of 3DP technologies to effectively deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. This book will be beneficial for the medical professionals, pharmacists, manufacturing enterprises, and young scholars in understanding the real potential of 3DP technologies in aiding humans-based activities against the COVID-19 crisis. Having interdisciplinary applications in applied science, this book will also be useful for wide range of academicians, research scholars and industry stakeholders.

The 2018 FAO-OIE-WHO (Tripartite) zoonoses guide, “Taking A Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries” (2018 TZG) is being jointly developed to provide member countries with practical guidance on OH approaches to build national mechanisms for multisectoral coordination, communication, and collaboration to address zoonotic disease threats at the animal-human-environment interface. The 2018 TZG updates and expands on the guidance in the one previous jointly-developed, zoonoses-specific guidance document: the 2008 Tripartite “Zoonotic Diseases: A Guide to Establishing Collaboration between Animal and Human Health Sectors at the Country Level”, developed in WHO South-East Asia Region and Western Pacific Region. The 2018 TZG supports building by countries of the resilience and capacity to address emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases such as avian influenza, rabies, Ebola, and Rift Valley fever, as well as food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, and to minimize their impacts on health, livelihoods, and economies. It additionally supports country efforts to implement WHO International Health Regulations (2005) and OIE international standards, to address gaps identified through external and internal health system evaluations, and to achieve targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. The 2018 TZG provides relevant country ministries and agencies with lessons learned and good practices identified from country-level experiences in taking OH approaches for preparedness, prevention, detection and response to zoonotic disease threats, and provides guidance on multisectoral communication, coordination, and collaboration. It informs on regional and country-level OH activities and relevant unisectoral and multisectoral tools available for countries to use.

Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) examines mitigation measures that can be adopted at the time of a novel coronavirus outbreak to lessen environmental contamination and impacts on human health. The book discusses origin, structure and pathogenesis, epidemiology, environmental transmission and the potential spread routes of COVID-19 via surfaces, air, water, wastewater, medical waste and food products. It also covers guidelines and protocols for setting safety conditions to provide adequate health care and reduce the risk of infection in health and non-healthcare settings, along with preventative measures and disinfection technologies. In addition, the book discusses challenges, opportunities and future perspectives, the global crisis, and global consequences on the environment and health. With contributions from experts, this book presents a multidisciplinary reference resource for virologists, microbiologists, public health professionals, environmental health managers and others engaged in the study and mitigation of the environmental and health impacts of the virus. Covers the environmental transmission and spread of COVID-19 Includes environmental disinfection technologies for prevention of COVID-19 Provides guidelines, standards and protocols related to COVID-19

This book provides a comprehensive description of the novel coronavirus infection, spread analysis, and related challenges for the effective combat and treatment. With a detailed discussion on the nature of transmission of COVID-19, few other important aspects such as disease symptoms, clinical application of radiomics, image analysis, antibody treatments, risk analysis, drug discovery, emotion and sentiment analysis, virus infection, and fatality prediction are highlighted. The main focus is laid on different issues and futuristic challenges of computational intelligence techniques in solving and identifying the solutions for COVID-19. The book drops radiance on the reasons for the growing profusion and complexity of data in this sector. Further, the book helps to focus on further research challenges and directions of COVID-19 for the practitioners as well as researchers.